| A | B |
|---|
| Early humans lived in ____ groups. | small |
| How might early hunter-gatherers in North America have affected other life forms? | Early hunter-gatherers in North America are thought to have caused the extinction of certain larger animals such as the Wooly Mammoth. |
| The most important source of environmental change on Earth is ___. | human activity |
| Give an example of a positive and a negative effect of the green revolution. | A positive effect of the green revolution would be the increase in the amount of food that could be grown per acre, providing for more food for human consumption. A negative effect would be the reliance on insecticides and fertilizers that tend to harm the environment. |
| The ______ of animals was an important event in history for the advancement of agriculture and contributed to a reliable food supply. | domestication |
| Which development in human history led to people settling down in one place like settlements, towns, and cities. | The move from hunter-gatherer to an agricultural-based society led to people being able to settle down in one place. |
| What is a disadvantage of suburban growth? | Growth of suburbs causes loss of farmlands and natural habitats. |
| What is a disadvantage of urban development? | Densely packed cities throughout the world often produce more waste than can be safely disposed of in the environment, leading to pollution of water, air and soil. |
| Name one positive and one negative about the industrial revolution. | The industrial revolution led to more efficiient manufacturing of goods, which cut down the cost to the consumer. With the decrease in cost of goods, more people were able to afford goods, leading to much higher levels of energy consumption, mostly from fossil fuels that pollute the air. |
| Name three of Earth's resources on which humans and other species depend for survival? | Breathable air, drinkable water, and fertile soil |
| What are three types of human activities that affect the biosphere today. | Agriculture, industry and urban development |
| _________ forests are nonrenewable resources. | Old growth (these forests are considered to be nonrenewable because it takes hundreds and even thousands of years for forests to mature to the point where they are considered to be old growth) |
| ______ are considered to be nonrenewable resource because they take millions of years to form. | Fossil fuels |
| The practice of only taking a certain amount of a renewable resource each year so that the supply doesn't go down year after year is called ___. | sustainable development |
| Sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water in clouds to form ___. | acid rain |
| The loss of surface soil by water and wind is called ___. | erosion |
| Loss of topsoil due to overfarming or grazing in areas with hot dry climates can lead to ___. | desertification (the process of land turning becoming more desert-like) |
| What are two man-made causes of desertification? | Overfarming and overgrazing (both remove plants whose roots hold soil and add important components for soil when they die) |
| Which type of ecosystem helps purify water? | wetlands |
| The raising and feeding of fish in enclosed areas so they can be harvested later is called ____. | aquaculture |
| Microscopic dust-like pollution is referred to as ______. | particulates |
| When a resource can be used for profit by everyone, it can be overused unless its use is regulated by a government agency. If the resource is not regulated and gets depleted due to overuse, its destruction can be referred to as ___. | the tragedy of the commons |
| The number of different species on Earth is called _____. | species diversity |
| The sum total of the genetically based variety of different organisms on Earth is called ___. | biodiversity |
| A type of organism that is in danger of extinction is called ___. | an endangered species |
| An insecticide that causes more and more harm as it is ingested and travels up the food chain is _____. | DDT |
| The process whereby a nonbiodegradeable nondigestible substance (like DDT or mercury) becomes more and more concentrated in the flesh of animals higher and higher on the food chain is called _____. | biomagnification |
| The single greatest threat to biodiversity is _____. | habitat destruction |
| The sum total of all the different genes that make up different traits in organisms on this planet is described by ____ | genetic diversity |
| Areas where habitats and species are in the greatest danger of extinction are known as _____. | ecological hot spots |
| A branch of biology that is involved with protecting habitats, managing natural resources and enforcing environmental laws is _____ biology. | conservation |
| A foreign species that is introduced into an ecosystem and threatens the survival of species that are native to the area is called ___. | an invasive species. |
| Which level of the food chain is at the greatest risk from harmful substances that undergo biological magnification? | The highest levels (ex- top predators) |
| What are three benefits of preserving biodiversity? | All the different types of organisms on Earth have provided human with food, medicines and industrial products. Extinction of species would lessen these benefits. |
