| A | B |
|---|
| nation-state | a political unit made up of people of only one nationality |
| guerrilla warfare | a method of fighting in which hit-and-run tactics are used |
| kaiser | an absolute monarch or emperor in Germany |
| chancellor | the chief minister of a government or the second in command |
| infallible | incapable of error or always right |
| papal infalibility | the doctrine that maintains that the pope is free from error when he speaks of faith and morals |
| autocracy | rule by one person with unlimited authority |
| emancipation | freeing of serfs or freeing of slaves |
| anarchy | absence of government |
| nihilist | a radical who rejected all tradition |
| russification | imposition of Russian culture on minorities |
| pogrom | an organized massacre, especially of Jews |
| soviet | an elected government council |
| duma | representative council in the Russian nation |
| dual monarchy | two independent states united under a common ruler |
| jingoism | extreme patriotism usually provoked by a perceived foreign threat |
