| A | B |
|---|
| electromagnetic wave | a form of energy that can travel through space |
| radiation | the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| infrared radiation | a form of energy with wavelengths that are longer than visible light |
| ultraviolet radiation | a form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light |
| scattering | reflection of light in all directions |
| greenhouse effect | the process by which heat is trapped in the atmosphere by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases that form a "blanket" around the Earth |
| thermal energy | the energy of motion in the molecule of a substance |
| temperature | the average amount of energy of motion in the molecules of a substance |
| thermometer | an instrument used to measure temperature |
| heat | the energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one |
| conduction | the transfer of heat from one substance to another by direct contact of particles of matter |
| convection | the transfer of heat by movements of a fluid |
| wind | the horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure |
| anemometer | an instrument used to measure wind speed |
| wind-chill factor | increased cooling caused by the wind |
| local wind | winds that blow over short distances |
| sea breeze | the flow of air from an ocean or lake to the land |
| land breeze | the flow of air from land to a body of water |
| monsoons | sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the seasons |
| global wind | winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances |
| Coriolis effect | the way Earth's rotation makes winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left |
| latitude | the distance north or south from the equator, measured in degrees |
| jet stream | bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface |
