| A | B |
|---|
| arteries | Carries oxygen rich blood away from the heart to organs and tissues of the body |
| veins | The blood vessels that return oxygen poor blood back to the heart |
| Main function of human circulatory system | 1.transport of dissolved & suspended material throughout body 2. Plays a part in immunity defense against disease |
| What type of circulatory system do we (humans) have? | closed circulatory system--earthworms have this type |
| Name three parts of the circulatory system | heart (pumps), vessels (transports), fluids (dissolves materials) |
| What is the exception to the artery rule? | pulmonary artery carries oxygen poor blood |
| What is the exception to the vein rule? | Pulmonary vein carries oxygen rich blood |
| What blood vessels carry blood under higher pressure? | artery |
| What does the superior vena cava do? | returns blood to heart from head, arms, & chest |
| What does the inferior vena cava do? | Empties into right atrium of heart, returns blood from lower body region |
| These are narrow blood vessels that are one cell thick | capillaries |
| These connect arterioles and venules | capillaries |
| Exchange of material between the body cells and blood | capillaries |
| What collects fluid (ICF) that surrounds all the body cells and drains it back into the blood system | lymph vessels |
| How many chambers does the heart have? | 4 chambers--right and left atriums, right and left ventricles |
| What separates the heart into right and left? | septum |
| What are the pumping chambers of the heart? | ventricle |
| What are the collecting chambers of the heart called? | atrium |
| What is systemic circulation? | carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body |
| What is pulmonary circulation? | carries blood between the heart and lungs |
| What is coronary circulation? | supplies blood to the muscles of heart? |
| What is lymphatic circulation? | Excess fluids and proteins from the intercellular spaces are returned to the blood by vessels that make up the lymphatic system |
| What is the fluid inside lymph vessels? | lymph |
| The ______ side of the heart is respoonsible for pumping blood to the rest of the body. | left |
| This side of the heart has O2 and CO2 poor blood. | left |
| This side of the heart picks up blood, CO2 rich and O2 poor | right |
| Valves found between the ventricles and blood vessels | Semilunar |
| The membrane around the heart is ----- | pericardium |
| valve between left atrium and left ventricle | biscuspid |
| valve between right artium and right ventricle | tricuspid |
| What is incellular fluid (ICF)? | Blood plasma diffuses through the walls of capillaries--forms watery fluid, surrounds the cells of all tissues |
| What is ICF? | Diffuses into lymph vessels whic returns it to the blood. |
| What do platelets do? | triggers the blood clotting process |
| What are platelets? | Small round or oval fragments of a type of blood cell that are produced in bone marrow |
| Phagocytes | engulfs microorganisms and other matter |
| lymphocytes | produced in bone marrow, produces antibodies--attack foreign substances |
| White blood cells | containns one or more nuclei, produced by bone marrow & lymphatic tissue, larger than red blood cells |
| Plasma | transports dissolved &suspended materials--carries respiratory gasses, nutrients, cellular wastes ®ulatory substances |
| plasma | clear straw colored liquid, made up of 90% H2O and 7% dissolved protein |
| red blood cells | transports oxygen from lungs to body tiddues and CO2 from body tissues to lungs |
| red blood cells | disk shaped contains hemoglobin--gives blood its red color |
| blood | Considered to be a tissue because it contains cells, serves as transport medium, helps maintain homeostasis |
| renal circulation | carries off the waste (gaseous CO2) of the body tissures---also carries blood to and from kidneys |
| sinoatrial | a structure in the heart that initiates the heart to contrace--called pacemaker--determines heart rate |
| antigens | substances not normally present in body and body recognizes them as foreign |
| antibodies | protein produced by lymphocytes that reacts with a specific antigen inactivating it |
| immunity | presence of specific antibodies in blood plasma that enable the individual to resis a specific disease |
| active immunity | body produces antibodies to a particular disease by contact with the disease organism or its products (toxins) or receive a vaccination |
| passive immunity | antibodies from and outside source are introduced into the individual blood--usually temporary--body gradually destroys and excretes the antibody |
| inborn immunity | individuals posses many specific antibodies for particular antigens at birth--form of active immunity |
| allergies | respoonses by individuals to certain substances that act as antigens |
| blood types | major classification of blood into gypes related to presence or absence of certain antigens called A and B. |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| artherosclerosis | condition when the arteries become narrow and inelastic because of deposits of cholesterol and other fatty materials |
| heart disease | narrowing or blockage of coronary arteris that supply the heart muscle can reduce the supply of oxygen to muscle. |
| angina pectoris | pain radiating from chest into left shoulder and arm |
| coronary thrrrombosis | blockage of blood supply to heart muscle |
| anemia | blood fails to transport sufficient amounts of oxygen for normal body needs |
| leukemia | disease of the bone marrow where there is uncontrolled production of nonfunctional whiite blood cells---form of cancer |
