| A | B |
|---|
| nucleotide | DNA unit containing a sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate |
| nitrogen bases | A,T,G, & C. |
| replication | Process where DNA copies itself |
| double helix | Double stranded DNA structure |
| hydrogen bonds | weak bonds between the bases |
| adenine | A double ringed base that joins with a single ringed thymine. |
| cytosine | A single ringed base that joins to a double ringed guanine |
| codon | Triplet code: three bases that code for a particular trait. |
| transcription | The process of making an RNA strand from DNA. |
| messenger RNA | The RNA strand that carries the DNA instructions out of the nucleus to the ribosomes to make protein. |
| translation | The process of making a protein from a series of amino acids coded for by the mRNA |
| transfer RNA | The RNA that carries the amino acids to the ribosomes to produce the protein. |
| uracil | The single ringed base that joins to adenine in RNA. |
| ribose | The sugar in RNA |
| peptide bonds | The covalent bonds between the amino acids that produce protein |
| condensation | The removal of water between two amino acids so that the may chemically join. |
| mutation | Any mistake or change in the DNA sequence. |
| nondisjunction | The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis. |
| trisomy | Having an extra chromosome (3 instead of 2) in the homologous pairs. |
| monosomy | Having only one chromosome instead of the normal number of two (pair) |
