| A | B |
|---|
| brainstem | medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain |
| diencephalon | hypothalamus and thalamus |
| cerebellum | under occipital lobe of cerebrum |
| cerebrum | largest part of brain |
| corpus callosum | connects right and left cerebral hemispheres |
| cerebral cortex | outer layer of cerebrum/consists of gray matter |
| gyri | ridges of cerebral cortex |
| sulci | grooves of cerebral cortex |
| fissures | deep sulci or grooves |
| longitudinal fissure | divides right and left hemispheres |
| basal ganglia/cerebral nuclei | regions of gray matter in the inner part of cerebrum |
| frontal lobe | control of conscious thought, muscles, motor speech |
| temporal lobe | controls hearing |
| parietal lobe | controls body sense perception/sensory speech |
| occipital lobe | controls vision |
| Broca's area | area of frontal lobe involved with motor speech |
| Wernicke's area | area of parietal lobe involved with sensory speech |
| cerebral vascular accident (stroke) | hemorrhage (bleeding) from or blockage of blood vessel in brain |
| cerebral palsy | damage to motor control areas of cerebrum due to lack of oxygen during birth |
| dementia | progressive loss of memory, attention span, personality, intellect |
| Alzheimer's disease | causes dementia/possibly caused by old age, genetic predisposition |
| Huntington disease | genetic disease that causes dementia |
| HIV virus | can infect neurons and cause dementia |
| EEG (electroencephalogram) | measurement of electric voltage in brain used to evaluate brain activity |
| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) | uses magnets to produce images of brain |
| CAT scan | uses x-rays to image the brain |
| epilepsy | recurring seizures caused by electrical disturbance in brain |
| 17-18 inches | length of spinal cord |
| end of first lumbar vertebrae | point at which spinal cord ends |
| gray matter | found on outside of brain/inside of spinal cord |
| white matter | found on inside of brain/outside of spinal cord |
| ascending tracts | bundles of myelinated axons from sensory neurons |
| descending tracts | bundles of myelinated axons from motor neurons |
| anesthesia | loss of sensation |
| paralysis | loss of voluntary movement |
| meninges | tough, fluid-filled membrane covering CNS |
| dura mater | outside layer of meninges |
| arachnoid mater | middle layer of meninges |
| pia mater | inner layer of meninges |
| Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) | fills arachnoid mater and ventricles |
| ventricles | spaces in brain, filled with CSF |
| four (2 lateral, third, and fourth) | number of ventricles in brain |
| choroid plexus | network of capillaries in ventricles, which produce CSF |
| hydrocephalus | build-up of CSF in brain |
| lumbar puncture | withdrawal of CSF from meninges in lumbar region of spine |
| cranial nerves | nerves that connect brain to head and neck |
| optic nerve | cranial nerve connecting brain to eyes |
| oculomotor nerve | cranial nerve connecting brain to eye muscles |
| vagus nerve | cranial nerve connecting brain to neck, leads to heart |
| spinal nerves | nerves extending from spinal cord to regions of body not served by cranial nerves |
| dermatome | mapping of body surface to reveal connection between peripheral nerve and spinal nerve |
| autonomic nervous system | consists of motor neurons that conduct impulses to heart, smooth muscle, and glands |
| sympathetic nervous system | part of ANS involved in emergency response |
| parasympathetic nervous system | part of ANS involved in ordinary "normal" response |
| ganglion | junction box between two autonomic nerves |
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter produced by parasympathetic postganglionic nerve |
| adrenalin | neurotransmitter produced by sympathetic postganglionic nerve |
| medulla oblongata | part of brainstem that influences heartbeat |
| pons | part of brainstem that influences respiration |
| hypothalamus | controls homeostasis, secretes ADH |
| thalamus | associates sensation with emotion |
| cerebellum | controls balance, coordination, posture |
