| A | B |
|---|
| Prince Henry the Navigator | ruled Portugal from 1415-1460; embodied the crusading drive and the new spirit of exploration |
| Vasco da Gama | 1497-1499; led 4 ships around the Cape of Good Hope. After 10 months, he reached the port of Calicut |
| Christopher Columbus | an italian navigator who sought portugese backing for his plan; He wanted to reach the Indies by sailing west across the Atlantic, as a result, he discovered the Americas |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | a line of demarcation set by the pope that divided the non-european world into 2 zones, which was later moved |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | spanish adventurer who hacked a passage throuh the tropical forests of Panama as a result he found the pacific ocean which he called the south sea |
| Ferdinand Magellan | a hardy explorer who renamed the south sea the mar pacifico(pacific ocean) |
| Cartographers | mapmakers |
| Astrolable | instrumenr developed by the ancient greeks and perfected by the arabians to determine their latitude at sea |
| Caravel | combined square sails of a european ships with arab lateen, or triangular sails |
| Circumnavigate | sail around the world |
| Pagan | kingdom that asrose in 1044 in the fertile rice-growing Irrawaddy valley in present day Mayanmar |
| Anawrata | in 1044, he united the region of pagan; credited with brining buddhism to the Burman people |
| Khmer | empire that reached it's peeks between 800-1350;people adopted Indian writing, mathmatics, architecture, and art |
| Suryavarman II | built great temple complex at Angkor Wat for huinduism |
| Trung Sisters | 2 noble sisters who led an uprising that drove the chinses occupiers from the land |
| Afonso de Alberquerque | moved to end muslim power and to make the Indian ocean a "protugese lake" |
| Robert Clive | an agent of the british east india company, used an army of british troops and sepoys to drive the french from their trading posts and became the govonor of the company |
| Sepoys | indian troops that were recruited for the french and british |
| Raj | rule |
| Matteo Rici | brilliant jesuit priest that learned to speak chinese and adopted chinese dress. His goal was to convert upper-class chinese to christianity |
| Manchus | invaders that pushed through the great wall; ruled a region in the NE that had lon been influenced by chinese traditions; last chinese dynasty Qing |
| Kangxi | ruled from 1661-1722;administrator and mmilitary leader for the Qing dynasty |
| Qianlong | received Macartney;ruled the largest empire |
| Hermit Kingdom | koreas nickname; when european sailors were shipwrecked on korean shores they were held captive and isolated themselves form the outside world |
| East India Company | obtained trading rights on the fringe of the mughal empire. It's main goal was to make money |
| Sepoy Rebellion | swept across northern and central india; sepoys rebelled against the british slaughtering men, women, and children |
| Ram Mohun Roy | great scholar; knew sanksrit , persion, and arabic classics, as well as english,greek, and latin works. He wanted to revitalize and reform traditional Indian culture |
| Indian National Congress | organized in 1885 by national leaders which became known as the congress party |
| Mulsim League | at first muslim and hindus worked together for self-rule, because of complications the muslims broke away and created the muslim league |
| Cash Crop | cotton and jute that could be sold on the world market |
| Opium War | the british introduced opium and the chines became addicted and outlawed the drug and denied the british trade which led to war |
| Treaty of Nanjing | treaty the british made the chinese except, that forced china to give up rights to western powers |
| Taiping Rebellion | peasants rebelled as poverty increased; most devastating rebellion in history |
| Ci Xi | empress of china that gained power; very conservative and surrounded herself with advisers who were deeply commited to confucianism |
| Open Door Policy | policy that would keep chinese trade open to everyone |
| Hundred Days of Reform | new laws that set out to modernize the civil service exam, stramline goverment, and encourage new industries |
| Boxer Uprising | group who's goal was to drive out the "foreign devils" |
| Sun Yixian | passionate spokesman for a chinese republic; 1st persident |
| Balance of Trade | exporting more than importing |
| Trade Deficit | buying more goods than delling |
| Indemnity | payment for losses in war |
| Extraterritoriality | right to live under their own laws and be tried in their own courts |
| Matthew Perry | commandar of a fleet of well armed American ships who sialed to tokyo bay and carried a letter from the president demanding japan open it's ports up to trade |
| Treaty of Kanagawa | in 1854, shohun agreed to open up 2 ports to American ships though not for trade |
| Meiji Restoration | reformers who were commited to replacing the rigid old feudal order with a new political and social system and to build a modern economy |
| Russo-Japanese War | war between japan and russo for control of korea and manchuria; japans army defeated russian troops and almost destroyed it's entire navy |
| Zaibatsu | powerful banking and industrial business families |
| Homogeneous Society | having a common culture and language that gave it a strong sense of identity |
| French Indochina | french empire that was being built on the S.E. asia mainland that included vietnam,laos, and cambodia |
| Chulalongkorn | king Monkurt's son who ruled form 1868-1910, reformed goverment, modernized the army, and hierd western experts to train Thais in the new technology |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | nationalist leader of the filipinos from 1899-1901 who battled american forces |
| Queen Liliuakalani | hawiian queen who tried to reduce foreign influence, american planters overthrew her in 1893 |
