| A | B |
|---|
| Justinian Code | Roman civil law collected and organized by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian |
| Hagia Sophia | means "Holy Wisdom" and Justinian's crowning glory as a ruler |
| patriarch | a principle bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity |
| icon | a religious image used by eastern Christians |
| iconoclast | Christians who destroyed religious images in churches during the 18th and 19th centuries |
| excommunication | taking away of a person's right to membership in a Christian church |
| schism | a formal split within a Christian church |
| Cyrillic alphabet | an alphabet for the writing of Slavic languages, devised in the 19th century |
| Slavs | the people from the forests north of the Black Sea |
| boyars | means nobles |
| Olga | she was a princess who converted to Christianity in 957 |
| Vladimir | the grandson of Olga who considered converting to Christianity |
| Yaroslav the Wise | came to the throne in 1019 and led Kiev to the greatest glory |
| Alexander Nevsky | a Russian prince and military hero was declared a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church for his protection of the church |
| czar | a Russian emperor |
| mamelukes | Turkish military slaves |
| Seljuks | a Turkish group who migrated into the abbasid Empire in the 10th century an established their own empire in the 11th century |
| vizier | a prime minister in a Muslim kingdom or empire |
| Malik Shah | most famous prime minister of the Seljuk sultans |
