| A | B |
|---|
| hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca |
| hijra | Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina |
| astrolabe | instrument used to loaced a ship's position using the stars |
| Allah | God's name |
| oasis | area of water in a desert |
| caravan | group of people traveling together |
| algebra | branch of mathematics |
| Islam | religion founded by Muhammad |
| Muslim | follower of Islam |
| prophet | messenger of God |
| kaaba | square-shaped temple in Mecca |
| Quran | holy book of Islam |
| caliph | successor of Muhammad |
| calligraphy | beautiful handwriting |
| arabesque | Arab design with flowing, lacy ornaments, leaves, and vines |
| mosque | Muslim place of worship |
| minaret | tall, slender tower from which Muslim leaders call people to prayer |
| Five Pillars | basic duties of all Muslims |
| caliphate | land ruled by a Muslim leader with both political and religious authority |
| Ramadan | 30 day period of fasting. One of the Five Pillars |
| Baghdad | important Muslim center |
| Mecca | oasis city that was the birthplace of Muhammad |
| Cordoba | capital of the caliphate, located in Spain |
| Khadija | wife of Muhammad |
