| A | B |
|---|
| Elias Howe | patented a sewing machine in 1846 |
| John Deere | invented a lightweight steel plow |
| Cyrus McCormick | opened a factory in Chicago in 1847 to make mechanical reapers |
| Samuel Morse | received a patent for the telegraph |
| locomotive | steam-powered engine used to pull rail cars |
| clipper ships | huge sailing ships |
| Rainbow | first clipper ship launched by John Griffins |
| Rocket | first locomotive |
| artisans | workers who learned a trade like carpentry or shoe making |
| trade unions | artisans unite to ask for shorter workdays, higher wages, better working conditions |
| strike | union workers refuse o do their jobs |
| famine | severe food shortage (potatoes) |
| Irish immigrants | worked in northern factories, helped build canals and railroads |
| German immigrants | moved west, could afford to buy farmland |
| nativists | native born people who didn't like immigrants |
| Know Nothing Party | political party formed by nativists |
| discrimination | policy or attitude that denies rights to groups of people |
| Henry Boydq | ran a furniture company |
| Macon Allen | first African American lawyer |
| John Russworm | editor of Freedom Journal |
| Eli Whitney | developed cotton gin |
| Cotton Kingdom | land in SC, Al, Ms. and Tx., planters moved west when soil wore out |
| major cash crops | cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane, livestock |
| William Gregg | built cotton mill in SC modeled after Lowell mills |
| cottonocracy | wealthy plantation families who owned 50 or more slaves |
| rich planters | built fancy homes, became political leaders |
| small farmers | owned land with 1 or 2 slaves, |
| poor whites | rented land, paying owner with part of crop |
| Free African Americans | born free or bought freedom, were not allowed to vote or travel |
| extended family | grandparents, parents, cousins, aunts, uncles |
| Norbert Rillieux | African American who invented a machine for sugar production |
| Henry Blair | African American who patented a seed planter |
| slave codes | laws to keep slaves from running away or rebelling, could not own gun, leave land, read or write, gather in groups |
| Denmark Vessey | free man who planned revolt, died |
