| A | B |
|---|
| john d rockefeller | founded standard oil and was the first billionaire |
| alexander graham bell | invented telephone |
| andrew carnegie | founded US steel and was a philanthropist |
| theodore roosevelt | know his life and article about him |
| thomas edison | invented the light bulb among other things. he said "genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration" |
| samuel gompers | founded the American Federation of Labor, which was the first successful labor union/ was a cigar maker |
| know presidents of the gilded age sheet | . |
| know quiz on the gilded age | . |
| mark twain | his real name was Samuel clemems/ wrote Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn/ came up with the term the gilded age (society was beautiful on outside, ugly underneath) |
| gustavus swift | made a fortune in the meat packing industry/ first to use refrigerated railroad cars |
| jp morgan | robber baron/ made fortune in the banking industry |
| laissez faire | the govern,ent leaves businesses alone |
| social darwinism | only the fittest who work the hardest in society will survive |
| william jennings bryan and his cross of gold speech | was a politician from nebraska/ a spokesman for the farmers/ leader of the populist party/ ran for president 3 times/ believed silver and gold should back up money/ famous for cross of gold speech |
| years of gilded age/progressive era | 1877-1920 |
| cornelius vanderbilt | made a fortune in the railroad business by running competitors out of business |
| why were people able to become so wealthy and have businesses so large | 1. laissez faire 2. no income tax 3. no child labor laws 4. monopolies 5. free enterprise system is out of control |
| 1 political reform, 1 social reform, 1 economic reform | social reform- keating-own act, which established child labor laws / political reform- cities elected city councils, which ran them instead of political bosses / economic reform- the federal reserve system started by woodrow wilson, which helped make peoples' money safe in banks |
| five inventions | telephone, light bulb, typewriter, motion pictures, and phonographs |
| the grange | a farmer's organization which got involved in politics and began sendingg farmers to congress to pass laws in their favor |
| leisure activities | bicycling, baseball, basketball, magazines, and dime novels |
| who was assassinated during this time period? | william mckinley and james garfield |
| upton sinclaire | wrote the Jungle about the horrors of the meatpacking industry/ was a muckraker |
| frank norris | wrote the Octopus about the evils in the railroad industry/ was a muckraker |
| muckraker | journalists who exposed the evils of society in the late 1800s and early 1900s |
| progressive era amendments | 16th amendment established a graduated income tax/ 17th amendment was the direct election of senators by the people of a state/ 18th amendment was the prohibition of selling and consuming alcohol/ 19th amenement was when women got the right to vote |
| pool | where companies get together and set prices |
| monopoly | where one business has total control over the selling of a particular product |
| trust | a type of monopoly where one company controls a product and everything needed to produce that product and to get it to the consumer |
| corporation | a business with stock holders |
| strike | where workers refuse to work until they get better condtitions and pay |
| free enterprise | an economic system where business can compete |
| jane addams | founded the hull house and helped the porr in chicago |
| interstate commerce act | the first law to try and regulate the railroads/ it didn't work |
| sherman anti-trust act | the first law that tried to end monopolies/ it didn't work |
| john philip sousa | a composer who wrote military marches |
| name issues the progressives wanted to solve | 1. they wanted an honest gvt. 2. wanted an active gvt. 3. wanted social reforms 4. labor reforms |
| new freedom | the campaign platform of woodrow wilson in the election of 1912 |
| robert lafollette | the governer of wisconsin who was famous for political reforms in that state |
| keating-owen act | regulated child labor |
| pure food and drug act | made sure that ingredients in food and drugs were pure and beneficial for the consumer |
| robber barons | wealthy people who were corrupt and ruthless and ran others out of business |
| bull moose party | teddy roosevelt's political party in 1912 which split the republican vote so the democrat woodrow wilson could win |
| why did the US go through such rapid industrial growth? | 1. natural resources became easier to get to 2. there was an increased labor supply 3. the free enterprise system was in existence 4. there were new inventions |
| children's bureau | under president taft, a committee was established to look into the abuse of children in the work place |
| initiative | where citizens could propose laws |
| referendum | where people could vote on laws that had been made by their state legislature |
| recall | people could remove elected officials from office |
| jacob riis | wrote 'How the Other Half Lives' which was a book of pictures, which showed how the poor in American lived/ was a muckraker |
| populists | were farmers plus city workers who worked together to get laws passes for reform/ a political party |
| ida tarbell | a muckraker who wrote 'the history of the standard oil company' which exposed the evils of that company |
| temperance movement | movement which worked to eliminate the buying, selling, and consuming of alcohol |
| elizabeth cady stanton, susan b. anthony | early leaders of the women's right to vote movement |
| first state to give women the right to vote | wyoming |
| seneca falls convention | first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848 |
| pendleton civil service act | established the civil service commission to set up competitive exams for federal jobs. applicants had to demonstrate their abilities |
| gold bugs and silverites | gold bugs- people who wanted money only backed up by gold/ silverites- people who wanted money backed up by silver and gold/ in election of 1896 |
| carrie nation | leader of womens christian temperance organization which worked to do away with the buying, selling, distributing of alcohol/ would destroy saloons with hatchets |
| 2 presidents in office during the gilded age | william mckinley and james garfield |
| the populists | factory workers and farmers who brought about reform/ William jennings bryan was their spokesman |
| inventions during this time period | typewriter, phonograph, telephone |
| referendum | citizens can vote to approve or reject a bill passed by legislature |
| the grange | farmers group which began as a social club and became an important organization in progressive reform/ begun by oliver kelley |
| graduated income tax | the more money you make, the more taxes you pay |
| recall | citizens can vote to remove elected officials |
| samuel gompers | began the first successful labor union in the us called the american federation of labor/ originally worked making cigars |
| secret ballot | australian ballot/ citizens vote in secret |
| which presidents were assassinated during this time | william mckinley and james garfield |
| free enterprise system | peole can borrow money (capital) to build businesses and to expand/ encourages competition |
| election of 1876 | rutherford b. hayes elected president/ reconstruction ended in south/ silver issue spllits the republlican party into the half breeds and the stalwarts |
| election of 1880 | james garfield elected president/ garfield waved a bloody shirt/ garfield assassinated, shot at a train station in d.c. in 1881 by charles guiteau/ guiteau was unhappy b/c he had not been awarded a job at the us embassy in paris (a result of the spoils system)/ vp chester arthur became president/ passed civil service act to end spoils system |
| 1881-1885 | chester arthur is president/ first electric power plant in US is established/ standard oil trust organized |
| election of 1884 | grover cleveland elected/ ran against james g. blaine (supporter of big business)/ labor and farm problems/ the grange and knights of labor demanded reform of big business/haymarket riot in chicago/dedication of the statue of liberty/only president to get married in the white house |
| election of 1888 | benjamin harrison (ran against cleveland)/ hull house opened to public/ sherman anti-trust act passed/ basketball invented/ henry ford patented automobile |
| election of 1892 & events in 1893 | grover cleveland elected (ran against harrison)/ cleveland is only president to serve 2 nonconsecutive terms/1893- business slump (panic of 1893)/populist candidate- james b. weaver/ football first played on collegiate level |
| election of 1896 and events in 1898 | william mckinley elected president/ runs against william jenning bryan, elegant speaker famous for his cross of gold speech/1898- american entered age of imperialism with the spanish-american war/ telephone |
| election of 1990 and events in 1991 | william mckinley elected/ runs again against william jennings bryan/ 1901- mckinley became third president assassinated when he was shot in buffalo NY while attending the pan american exhibition/ shot by lean czolgosz, an anarchist from easter europe (begins to illustrate the growing problems in europe on the eve of WW1) czolgosz wanted to go down in history as the killer of a great leader/ roosevelt became presiden which began the progressive era |
