| A | B |
|---|
| What are the portions of DNA molecules that actually code for the production of proteins called? | exons |
| What are the non-coding portions of DNA that are separated from the portions of DNA actually used during transcription called? | introns |
| What are the enzymes that unwind DNA called? | helicase |
| Guanine typically occurs in the same amount as what other nitrogen base within an organism? | cytosine |
| RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that its sugars have an additional oxygen atom, and the base thymine is replaced by a structurally similar base calle what? | uracil |
| Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines? | T.C. -perimiaines A-G purines |
| What is a change in a gene due to damage or being copied incorrectly called? | mutation |
| What are the three components of a nucleotide? | sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is named for which part of its nucleotides? | dioxyribose-it the sugar |
| During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, what will be the new strand? | GGATCGA |
| During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is "rewritten" as what RNA molecule? | messenger RNA |
| What is each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid called? | codon |
| What is the name of the process of moving genes from a chromosome of one organism to a chromosome of a different organism? | genetic engineering |
| What is the risk associated with vaccines prepared by injecting killed or weakened pathogenic microbes into humans? | You can catch a mild case of the disease. |
| What is the transferring of normal human genes into human cells that have defective genes called? | gene therapy |
| What is the function of gel electrophoresis? | It separates DNA fragments by wieght. |
| Suppose a bacterial culture were mixed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. What effect would the penicillin have on the bacteria? | There would be no effect and resistant. |
| What is the advantage of using trangenic bacteria to produce human proteins as opposed to proteins produced naturally by humans? | They can produce an extra amount. |
| The process of DNA fingerprinting is based on the fact that no two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same what? | DNA |
| What is the purpose of gene therapy? | To cure genetic diseases |
