| A | B |
|---|
| agglutination | clumping of red blood cells in an antigen-antibody reaction |
| antigen | substance that stimulates the production of antibodies |
| antibodies | proteins produced by B lymphocites in response to a specific antigen |
| coagulation | formation of a blood clot |
| erythrocyte | red blood cell |
| formed elements | cellular components of blood |
| hemoglobin | red, oxygen-carrying pigment of RBCs |
| hemopoiesis | formation of new blood cells |
| hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| plasma | liquid part of blood |
| thrombocyte | platelet; initiates clotting |
| erythropoietin | hormone produced by the liver and kidneys; stimulates red bone marrow to produce more RBCs |
| intrinsic factor | stomach secretes this; combines with B12 so it can be absorbed; B12 is need for RBC production |
| B12 and folic acid | called extrinsic factors; needed for RBC production |
| oxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin with oxygen - bright red |
| deoxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin with small amount of CO2 - dark red color |
| hemocytoblasts | special red bone marrow cells that become mature blood cells |
| bilirubin | yellow pigment of broken down heme of hemoglobin; becomes part of bile |
| granulocytes | WBC with small granules in cytoplasm - neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
| agranulocytes | WBC without granules - monocytes and lymphocytes |
| neutrophils | most abundant, 2-5 lobed nuclei, lavender stained, first to damaged tissue |
| eosinophils | red stained cytoplasm, 2 lobed nuclei, increase in allergic reactions and parasitic infections |
| basophils | least numerous, stain blue, U-shaped or lobed nuclei, |
| mast cells | basophils that move into tissues to secrete histamine and heparin |
| histamine | dilates blood vessels to increas blood flow |
| heparin | inhibits clot formation |
| lymphocytes | smallest WBC, very little cytoplasm, abundant in lymphiod tissue |
| T lymphocyte | directly attack and destroy pathogens |
| B lymphocyte | produce antibodies |
| monocytes | largest WBC, U-shaped nuclei with a lot of cytoplasm, called macrophages when they move into tissues |
| phagocytosis | process macrophages use to engulf pathogens |
| megakaryocytes | cells in which platelets come from |
| albumins | most numerous blood protein, regulates osmotic pressure of blood |
| globulins | carry lipids and fat-soluble vitamins and contain antibodies |
| fibrinogen | plays a role in blood clotting |
| nonprotein nitrogen substances (NPN) | amino acids, urea, and uric acid |
| electrolytes | ions in blood |
