| A | B |
|---|
| digestive system(pg.568) | a group of organs that work to digest food so that it can be used by the body |
| esophagus (pg.570) | a long, straight,muscular tube that connects the mouth/throat with the stomach--squeezes the softened,mushy food mass (called a "bolus")down to the stomach using wave-like muscle contractions called "peristalsis" |
| stomach(pg.571) | a muscular,bag-like organ attached to the lower end of the esophagus--both CHEMICAL and MECHANICAL digestion take place here-also,the acid secreted inside the stomach(HCl-"hydrochloric acid")kills most of the bacteria that you swallow along with your food |
| small intestine(pg.572) | muscular tube that is about 2.5cm in diameter and about 6m long!-most CHEMICAL digestion takes place here |
| pancreas(pg.572) | fish-shaped organ located between the stomach and the small intestine--makes PANCREATIC JUICE that flows into the small intestine--food DOES NOT PASS THROUGH this organ |
| liver(pg.573) | a large reddish organ that makes BILE that is used in the MECHANICAL DIGESTION of fats-also stores nutrients,helpes to break down toxic substances in the blood,and makes CHOLESTEROL for cell membranes--food DOES NOT PASS THROUGH this organ |
| gallbladder(pg.573) | a small bag-like organ located underneath the liver that stores the BILE made by the liver-it is linked to the small intestine--food DOES NOT PASS THROUGH this organ |
| large intestine(pg.574) | the organ of the digestive system that stores, compacts, and then eliminates indigestible material from the body-has a larger diameter (about 7.5cm) than the small intestine, but is only about 1.5m long |
| mechanical digestion(pg.569) | the breaking,crushing,and mashing of food |
| chemical digestion(pg.569) | when large molecules of food are broken down into nutrients that the body needs using chemicals like digestive enzymes and acid and bile |
| teeth(pg.570) | organs found in the mouth that begin the MECHANICAL digestion of food - 32 permanent teeth in an adult |
| enamel(pg.570) | the outermost layer fo your teeth-the hardest material in the body! |
| saliva(pg.570) | a liquid produced by the salivary glands in and around the mouth-contains the enzyme"AMYLASE"that begins the CHEMICAL DIGESTION of carbohydrates |
| chyme(pg.571) | a soupy mixture of partially digested food,enzymes and stomach acid(hydrochloric) |
| mucus(pg.571) | a thick substance that covers the lining of the stomach and gives some protection from the harsh, acidic environment |
| peristalsis(pg.570) | rhythmic muscle contractions in the digestive system-forces food down the esophagus into the stomach-also occurs in the stomach as the stomach physically continues to digest food |
| villi(pg.572) | "finger-like" extensions on the inside wall of the highly folded lining of the small intestine-covered with nutrient-absorbing cells that pass the nutrients on to the bloodstream(they leave by DIFFUSION!) |
| bicarbonate(pg.572) | a chemical material that is part of the pancreatic juice that flows into the small intestine-it helps to NEUTRALIZE the acid that is in the "CHYME" that has just come from the stomach |
| bile(pg.573) | a green liquid that is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder;used in the MECHANICAL DIGESTION of FATS |
| rectum(pg.574) | the last section of the large intestine |
| sphincters(pg.574) | bands of muscle tissue that close off either end of the stomach(esophagus end or the small intestine end) |
| "heartburn" | a burning sensation in the chest area caused by a backflow of chyme from the stomach to the esophagus |
| colon cancer(pg.575) | a very serious form of cancer in the "colon"-the long tubular portion of the large intestine |
| gastric ulcer(pg.575) | an open sore in the lining of the stomach |
