| A | B |
|---|
| heterogeneous mixture | mixture that is not the same throughout |
| suspension | mixture that looks uniform when shaken, but settles out into layers when no longer agitated: particles large |
| fruit salad | example of heterogenous mixture |
| orange juice | example of heterogeneous suspension |
| colloid | heterogenous - tiny particles of pure substances mixed in another substance, but do not settle out |
| immiscible | layers do not mix - ex. oil and vinegar |
| 2 differences between colloids and suspensions | 1. particles smaller in colloids; 2. colloid particles do not settle out |
| colloid examples | jello, eggwhites, paint, whipped cream, fog |
| how to separtae immiscible liquids | pour less dense liquids off of the top; use a special cup |
| emulsion | a colloid in which liquids taht normally do not mix are spread throughout each other - ex. mayonnaise |
| lipids | oily fats |
| emulsifier | protien that keeps the liuid droplets dispersed in the water so that they can spread throughout the mixture - ex. cream in coffee |
| heterogenous mixture types | suspension, colloid, emulsion |
| homogenous mixtures | a uniform mixture - the same throughout ex. salt water |
| solution | a homogenous mixture of two or more substances uniformly spread throughout a single phase |
| solute | sunstance that dissolves in a solution |
| solvent | substance in which the solute dissolves |
| miscible | 2 or moreliquids that form a single layer when mixed; ex. acetic acid + water = vinegar |
| distillation | one way to separate miscible liquids |
| chromatography | used to separate mixtures that do not eaily separate |
| solutes with large surface area | dissolve faster ex. sugar dissolves faster than sugar cube: chewed vitamin dissolves faster than whole vit. swallowed |
| stirring or shaking solution | helps solute dissolve faster |
| diffuse | spread out |
| when solute is hot | solvents dissolve faster- ex. hot chocolate |
| soluble | table salt and other sunstances that dissolve in water |
| insoluble | substance that DOES NOT dissolve in water |
| partly soluble | partly dissolves in water |
| universal solvent | water! (because many substances can dissolve in it) |
| polar molecule | shared electrons are not spread evenly throughout the molecule - ex. water - oxygen attracts the electrons more tahtn hydrogen because it is bigger |
| sodium chloride | easily disssolves in water because of attractions of ions in each |
| "like dissolves like" | rule to use when deciding if something can dissolve something else |
| nonpolar | molecules do not have partial charges on opposite ends |
| concentration | the quantity od solute dissolved in a given quantity of solution |
| dilute | small quantity of solute is dissolved in a large amount of solvent |
| concentrated solution | has a large quantity of dissolved solute |
| unsaturated solution | solution that is able to dissolve more solute |
| saturated solution | in equillibrium - unable to dissolve more solute |
| solubility | the greatest quanity of a solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent to produce a saturated solution |
| supersaturated solution | a solution holdin more dissolved solute than is specified by its solubility at a given temperature - unstable |
| molarity | a concentration unit of a solution expresses moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution |
| molarity | M= moles/liters |
