| A | B |
|---|
| FEDERALISM | The division of power between the states and the national government |
| NATIONAL GOVERNMENT | America establishes a federal form of government in which the ___________ is supreme |
| EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED | The powers of the national government are either _______ or ________ |
| POWERS RESERVED FOR THE STATES | The powers NOT given to the national government by the Constitution |
| POWERS DERIVED FROM THE STATE | Powers of the local governments in Virginia |
| TO CONDUCT FOREIGN POLICY AND REGULATE COMMERCE | Primary responsibilities of the national government |
| TO PROMOTE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE | Primary responsibilities of the state governments |
| FEDERAL COURTS | These courts try cases involving federal law and U.S. Constitutional questions |
| SUPREME COURT | The highest court in the U.S.; final power of judicial review |
| CIRCUIT COURTS | State courts which try civil and criminal cases |
| STATE SUPREME COURT | Power of judicial review over state laws |
| CARRIES OUT VA LAWS, PREPARES BIENNIAL BUDGET ; APPOINTS CABINET OFFICERS | Duties of the state's executive branch (the governor) |
| TO MAKE LAWS FOR VIRGINIA | Duties of the state's legislative branch |
| TO MAKE ORDINANCES FOR THE COMMUNITY; TO APPROVE THE ANNUAL BUDGET | Duties of the local legislative branch |
| EXECUTES LAW OF THE LAND; PREPARES ANNUAL BUDGET FOR CONGRESSIONAL ACTION; etc | Duties of the President |
| MAKES LAWS FOR NATION; APPROVES ANNUAL BUDGET | Duties of Congress |
| CHECKS AND BALANCES | Limit the powers of the three branches; prevents abuse |
| OVERRIDES VETOES; MAY IMPEACH PRESIDENT | Legislative "checks" on the executive branch |
| APPROVES FEDERAL JUDGES; MAY IMPEACH FEDERAL JUDGES | Legislative "checks" on the judicial branch |
| MAY VETO ACTS OF CONGRESS | Executive "checks" on the legislative branch |
| APPOINTS FEDERAL JUDGES | Executive "checks" on the judicial branch |
| MAY DECLARE LAWS UNCONSTITUTIONAL | Judicial "checks" on the legislative branch |
| MAY DECLARE EXECUTIVE ACTS UNCONSTITUTIONAL | Judicial "checks" on the executive branch |
| VOTE BY CONGRESS, RATIFICATION BY STATES | Amending the Constitution requires this |
| 27 | Number of times the Constitution has been amended |
| VIRGINIA GENERAL ASSEMBLY | Government body that makes laws for Virginia |
| CONGRESS | Government body makes laws for the nation |
| BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE | Senate and the House of Representatives |
| EXPRESSED POWERS | Legislative powers that are specifically listed in the U.S. or state constitutions |
| IMPLIED POWERS | Legislative powers that are not specifically listed Constitution but are used to carry out expressed powers |
| TO CARRY OUT THE LAW | Duty of the executive branch at the state and national levels |
| CABINET DEPARTMENTS, AGENCIES, AND REGULATORY GROUPS | They help the executive branch interpret and carry out laws |
| LOBBYING | Seeking to influence legislators to introduce or vote for or against a bill |
| VIRGINIA'S COURT SYSTEM | Virginia Supreme Court; Court of Appeals of Virginia; Circuit Court; General District Court; Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court |
| MAGISTRATES | Issue search warrants, subpoenas, arrest warrants, and summons and set bail |
| CIRCUIT COURT | These courts hear felony criminal cases and civil cases over $1,000 |
| GENERAL DISTRICT COURT | These courts hear misdemeanors cases; Civil cases less than $1000; Judge only, no jury |
| JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURT | These courts hear juvenile and family cases; judge/no jury |
| THE U.S. SUPREME COURT; U.S. COURT OF APPEALS; U.S. DISTRICT COURT | The U.S. Court system |
| JUDICIAL REVIEW | The power of the Supreme Court of the US and VA to determine the constitutionality of laws and acts of the executive branch. |
| MARBURY V. MADISON | Supreme Court decision that established the principle of judicial review |
| CONSTITUTION | The supreme law of the land |
| CRIMINAL AND CIVIL | Two kinds of legal conflicts |
| A CRIMINAL CASE | A court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or not guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony |
| A CIVIL CASE | A court settles a disagreement between two parties |
| PROBABLE CAUSE | A person accused of a crime may be arrested if the police have this |
| RELEASED ON BAIL | After arrest, the accused may be committed to jail or - |
| ARRAIGNMENT | During this process, a defendant may be appointed an attorney and a plea is entered |
| PLAINTIFF | In a civil case, the person who files a complaint to recover damages or receive compensation |
| DUE PROCESS | The constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws |
| 5TH AMENDMENT | This amendment prohibits the national government from acting in an unfair manner. (due process) |
| 14TH AMENDMENT | This amendment extends due process to the state and local governments |
| THE 5TH AND 14TH AMENDMENTS | The two amendments which provide due process protections to citizens |
