| A | B |
|---|
| Potsdam Conference | Truman, Churchill, Stalin meet and divide Germany into occupation zones, beginning Cold War |
| United Nations | international organization founded to address world military and political problems; |
| NATO | an alliance of Western nations in 1949 in which each member nation is committed to the defense of all other member nations |
| Warsaw Pact | mutual defense agreement between the Eastern bloc nations and the Soviet Union |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | human rights activist; elected U. S. delegate to the U. N. in 1945 |
| Zionism | movement seeking a Jewish homeland in Palestine |
| Ralph Bunche | 1st African American to win Nobel Peace Prize; for U. N. mediation in Middle East |
| Cold War | competition for global power and influence between the U. S. and the U. S. S. R. |
| satellite nations | Eastern European bloc nations under Soviet influence |
| containment | restricting the expansion of Soviet communism |
| domino theory | fear that if one nation in a region falls to communism, others will follow |
| Truman Doctrine | It must be the policy of the U. S. to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. |
| Marshall Plan | $17 billion in U. S. economic aid to post-World War II Europe |
| Berlin Blockade | Soviets blocked all roads, canals, railways linking Berlin to western Germany in 1948. |
| Berlin Airlift | Western leaders' response to Berlin Blockade; U. S. and British planes carried more than 2 mil. tons of supplies to West Berlin. |
| Korean War | North invades South and U. N. sends Douglas MacArthur and troops to push North back above 38th parallel |
| 38th parallel | line of demarcation between North and South Korea |
| brinkmanship | U. S. policy to confront Communist aggression and not back down |
| massive retaliation | use of weapons of mass destruction against threatening nations |
| Suez Crisis | Egypt's Gamel Abdul Nasser nationalizes Suez Canal and threatens to cut off Western oil supplies |
| Nikita Khrushchev | Soviet leader during late 1950s, early 1960s; during Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis |
| U-2 incident | Francis Gary Powers is shot down over Soviet Union on spy mission. |
| detente | relaxation of tensions between Soviet Union and U. S. |
| National Security Council | advises President on strategic matters of security |
| House Un-American Activities Committee | established to investigate fascist groups in the U. S. |
| Hollywood Ten | film directors and writers who went to jail rather than answer HUAC's questions; were blacklisted |
| the Rosenbergs | husband and wife tried, convicted, and executed for passing atomic-energy secrets to U. S. S. R. |
| Joseph McCarthy | U. S. senator from Wisconsin who led a communist witchhunt in eary 1950s |
| McCarthyism | persecution of someone for their political beliefs |
| Sputnik | first artificial satellite in orbit by Soviet Union 1957 |
| NASA | program to promote U. S. space technology established by Eisenhower and Congress |
| National Defense Education Act | appropriated millions of dollars to improve education in science, mathematics and foreign languages |
