| A | B |
|---|
| Monroe Doctrine | The U. S. will not interfere in European affairs or with European Latin American colonies as long as Europeans close future colonization in the Western Hemisphere |
| Roosevelt Corollary | addendum to Monroe Doctrine that stated U. S. would police affairs in the Western Hemisphere to keep Europeans from intervening in the region |
| Native citizen | born in and resides in the same country |
| Naturalized citizen | born in one country but granted full citizenship rights in another country |
| Progressive reforms | initiative, referendum, recall, child labor, better working conditions, 16-21 Amendments; direct primaries; |
| Jim Crow Laws | enforced segregation in the South |
| Black Codes | passed in southern states during Reconstruction; limited the freedom of former slaves |
| Old Immigrants | came to U. S. before 1880 from northern, western Europe; settled on mid-Western farms; mainly Protestant farmers |
| New Immigrants | came to U. S. after 1880 from Southern, Eastern Europe, China; settled mainly in Northeastern cities, worked in factories; mainly Catholic, Jewish |
| Reasons for immigration | political persecution; religious persecution; famine; search for land; search for better life |
| Results of immigration | nativism; political machines; sweatshops; tenement dwellings; overcrowding; rise in crime, fires |
| Results of growth of cities | overpopulation; skyscrapers; mass transit; growth of middle class and suburbs |
| Causes of Great Depression | margin stock buying; overproduction of industrial goods; fall in farm prices; high tariffs; stock market crash |
| Dust Bowl | name given to parts of the Great Plains in the 1930s after a severe drought struck the region; mainly OK and ARK |
| demobilization | transition from wartime to peacetime production and employment levels |
| Levittown | "cookie cutter" 1950s housing, inexpensive tract housing |
| Vietnamization | policy followed by Nixon of gradually turning over all the fighting in the Vietnam War to the South Vietnamese army and gradual withdrawal of U. S. troops |
| trust | arrangement groupsing several companies undera single board of directors to eliminate competition and to regulate production; creates a monopoly |
| monopoly | exclusive economic control of an industry |
| muckrakers | investigative journalists who wrote about corruption in business and politics during the Progressive Era; goal was reform |
| Manhattan Project | secret U. S. project to construct an atomic bomb |
| manifest destiny | belief that God intended the u. S. to expand from one ocean to another |
| Lost Generation | group of writers whose works criticized U. S. consumerism and superficiality in post-WWI society |
| Harlem Renaissance | period of great accomplisment in African American art, literature, music which began in 1920s in Harlem, NYC |
| genocide | deliberate annihilation of entire race of people |
| Fourteen Points | President Woodrow Wilson's plan for post-World War I Europe; included the League of Nations 1918 |
| counterculture | alternative lifestyle such as the hippies in the 1960s |
| Bonus Army | Group of WWI veterans who marched on Washington, D. C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their pension bonuses |
| Americanization | the process of preparing foreign-born residents for full U. S. citizenship; can also include Native Americans |
| affirmative action | practice by which government agencies, businesses, schools give preference to ethnic minorities and women in admissions and hiring |
| reverse discrimination | discrimination against a white male in hiring or admission to a college because of his race/gender |
| reparations | payment for damages and expenses during a war |
| rugged individualism | belief that success comes through individual effort and private enterprise; Hoover's philosophy to end the Depression |
| Scopes trial | a high school science teacher was prosecuted for teaching evolution in a Dayton, TN school |
| Sherman Anti-trust Act | law prohibiting monopolies and trusts that restrained trade |
| settlement house | community service centers founded in late 1800s to offer educational opportunities, skills training and cultural events to families in poverty |
| nativism | favoring native-born Americnas over foreign-born |
| open shop | non-union workplace |
| isolationism | national policy of avoiding involvement in affairs of other nations; U. S pre- and post-WWI policy |
| Great Migration | mass migration of Africans Americans to the northern U. S. during and after WWI |
