| A | B |
|---|
| nonspecific resistance | protects against all pathogens but not against a specific pathogen |
| mechanical barriers | skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva, urine flow |
| chemical actions | lysozyme, mucus, acids, pepsin, interferon |
| phagocytosis | engulfing and digestion of pathogens |
| macrophages | monocytes that have migrated into tissue to engulf (by phagocytosis) pathogens |
| inflammation | localized response to infection or injury; redness, pain, swelling, pain, heat |
| pus | accumulation of living and dead leukocytes, tissues cells, and bacteria |
| immunity | specific resistance to a specific pathogen; has a "memory" |
| antigen-presenting cell | macrophage and helper T cell that starts the immune respons |
| plasma cells | B cells that produce antibodies |
| memory B cells | remain after infection to "remember" the immune response so a secondary response to the pathogen is faster |
| B cells | produce a clone of plasma cells and memory B cells |
| killer T cells | bind to antigens of pathogen cell and rupture it's cell membrane, killing the cell |
| suppressor T cells | sop an immune reponse after pathogen has been destroyed |
| memory T cells | dormant cells that are activated if the same antigen fits their receptors; launches a secondary immune response |
| immunoglobulins | another name for antibodies |
| primary immune response | first encounter to fight a pathogen; produces memory cells |
| secondary immune response | when B and T memory cells recognize a pathogen from another immune response; much more rapid and intense |
| active immunity | person is directly involved in the development of the immunity; longer lasting |
| passive immunity | person is not directly involved in the immunity |
| naturally acquired active immunity | person contracts disease, recovers, and makes its own memory cells |
| artificially acquired active immunity | person receives vaccine or |
| naturally acquired passive immunity | infants receive antibodies via placenta or mom's milk |
| artificial aquired passive immunity | receiving injections of antibodies from another person or animal; tetanus antitoxin from horses |
