| A | B |
|---|
| Agricultural Revolution | when peole first began domesticating animals and farming |
| feudalism | in return for land and protection, nobles pledged loyalty to more powerful leaders |
| Renaissance | rebirth of European learning and artistic creativity based on ancient Greek and Roman cultures |
| Christopher Columbus | discovered America for Spain |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | first colonial legislature in America |
| Mayflower Compact | established self-governing colony in Massachusetts based on majority rule |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | first written constitution in America |
| Middle Passage | horrible voyage by which slaves came to the New World from Africa |
| Olaudah Equiano | described the Middle Passage in his book "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of **, the African. |
| Intolerable Acts | laws which closed the port of Boston after the Tea Party |
| Samuel Adams | leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty |
| George Washington | commander-in-chief of the Revolutionary army, first President |
| Thomas Paine | wrote "Common Sense" |
| Common Sense | roused public support for Revolution by declaring British government was not doing its job in America |
| Declaration of Independence | formal declaration stating grievances against England, separated America from England, |
| Thomas Jefferson | wrote Declaration of Independence, Third President, made Louisiana Purchase |
| Abigail Adams | wife of John, wrote him letters to convince him to remember women in the Constitution |
| John Adams | second President; allowed Alien and Sedition Acts |
| Battle of Yorktown | final battle of Revolution |
| Battle of Saratoga | turning point battle in Revolution, because France came to aid of Americans |
| republicanism | citizens hold the ultimate authority to select representatives to make and enforce laws |
| Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom | human mind was created free and govt control over religious beliefs or worship is tyrannical |
| Articles of Confederation | first written constitution of the United States; weak central govt.; created Northwest Ordinance |
| Northwest Ordinance | established a system for governing the Northwest Territory and creating states from it |
| Constitutional Convention | held in Philadelphia to create a U. S. Constitution 1787 |
| Benjamin Franklin | American states during Revolution; negotiated the Treaty of Paris |
| Federalists | favored ratification of Constitution even without Bill of Rights; John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Marshall |
| Anti-federalists | refused to ratify Constitution without Bill of Rights; led by Thomas Jefferson, John Hancock and George Mason |
| Federalist Papers | series of essays written by Federalists to convince Americans to ratify the Constitution |
| federalism | the division of powers between a strong central government and the state governments |
| supremacy clause | Constitution is the supreme law of the land |
| elastic clause | increases the flexibility of the Constitution; makes it a "living document" |
