| A | B |
|---|
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | established a federal court system; defined federal courts powers |
| Bill of Rights | first Ten Amendments; guarantees specific rights, such as freedom of speech, press, religion, etc. |
| cabinet | Presidential advisors |
| strict construction | narrow constitutional interpretation |
| loose construction | broad constitutional interpretation |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | authorized president to imprison or expel foreigners dangerous to the U. S. government |
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | denounced Alien and Sedition Acts as unconstitutional and asked Congress to repeal them |
| judicial review | power of the courts to review acts of Congress and declare them unconstitutional; Marbury v. Madison |
| Louisiana Purchase | 1803 purchase of Louisiana Territory from France for $15mil |
| impression of American sailors | kidnapping sailors and forcing them to serve in alien navy; started War of 1812 |
| nationalism | national pride |
| Monroe Doctrine | James Monroe vowed U. S. would oppose any European attempt to regain former Latin American colonies in the Western Hemisphere |
| American System | Henry Clay's idea to use tariffs to encourage industrial development in America |
| Missouri Compromise | Missouri became a slave state, but territory north of its southern border must enter U. S. as free states |
| Andrew Jackson | president elected by supporters who called themselves Democrats or the People's Party |
| Trail of Tears | 4,000 Cherokee died on a forced march to Indian Territory in OK under Andrew Jackson |
| strike | the refusal to work until employers meet union demands |
| nativism | the favoring of native-born Americans over foreign-born ones |
| collective bargaining | arbitration between labor and management over union issues |
| Dorothea Dix | led crusade to help people with mental illness |
| Frederick Douglass | escaped male slave who led abolitionist movement |
| Sojourner Truth | former female slave, poet, who led abolitionist movement |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | organized Seneca Falls Convention for Women's rights |
| Susan B. Anthony | instrumental in passage of women's suffrage amendment |
| Mexican Cession | area won from Mexico in Mexican-American War |
| popular sovereignty | power of people to make their own laws |
| Compromise of 1850 | tried to satisfy both northern and southern interests by admitting CA as free state and creating Fugitive Slave Laws |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | organized Kansas and Nebraska territories on basis of popular sovereignty and pitted slavery and anti-slavery forces against each other |
| Stephen Douglas | Illinois senator who proposed popular sovereignty in the Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| Dred Scott decision | confirmed status of slaves as property rather than citizens |
