| A | B |
|---|
| abcess | pus-filled lesion bounded by a wall of fibrin |
| agglutinins | antibodies that cause clumping of cells |
| alloantigen | antigens found in some but not all members of a species |
| alternative pathway | complement activation that does not require antibody-antigen interaction |
| anaphylatoxins | substances that react with mast cells to cause histamine release |
| antibodies | acellular component of humoral specific immunity |
| antigen | substance that elicits a specific immune response |
| antigenic determinant | specific part of a substance that B-cells or T-cells are primed against |
| antitoxins | immunoglobulins that inactivate exotoxins |
| attack complex | activated complement proteins that create pores in cell membrane |
| autoantigen | an organsism's own substances that elicit an immune response |
| autoimmunity | loss of self-recognition |
| behavioral immunity | immunities due to nonspecific factors in a people's way of life |
| B-lymphocyte | white blood cell that makes immunoglobulins |
| boil | another name for abcess, usually due to staphylococci |
| calor | warmth from heat of blood in inflammation |
| capping | when multiple antigenic determinants bind simultaneously to multiple antibodies on B-cells |
| carbuncle | lesion resulting from the fusion of several boils |
| chemical barrier | nonspecific immunity to infection based on chemical properties |
| chemotaxis | chemical attraction between two cells |
| cilia | finger-like projections from cell surface used for moving mucus in airway to mouth |
| clonal expansion | selective proliferation of a specific population of cells |
| clone | an individual that is genetically identical to its parent |
| complement | series of 20+ proteins in bloodstream - part of nonspecific immunity |
| constant regions | portion of an antibody that is identical in all molecules of that class |
| cytokines | molecule that causes a specific response in a cell |
| cytotoxic T-lymphocytes | T-cell that kills infected host cells and tumor cells using perforins |
| delayed hypersensitivity | exaggerated immune response that is not evident for 48-72 hrs |
| dolor | pain felt in inflammation |
| effector T-lymphocytes | white blood cells that cause cell-mediated immunity |
| epitope | another name for antigenic determinant |
| erythropoeitic cells | red blood cell-producing cell of bone marrow |
| Fab fragment | epitope-binding portion of antibody |
| Fc fragment | crystallizable portion of an antibody |
| fever | abnormally high body temperature |
| glycoprotein | polypeptide that contains carbohydrate side chains |
| hapten | small molecule that combines with protein or carbohydrate to form antigen |
| helper T-lymphocytes | regulator T-lymphocyte - needed for cell-mediated and humoral immunity |
| heterophile antigens | antigens found in unrelated species |
| humoral immunity | immunity based on antibodies |
| IgA | Immunoglobulin providing protection from infection in body cavities |
| IgD | least common immunoglobulin in serum |
| IgE | Immunoglobulin that plays role in allergic reactions |
| IgG | principle component of secondary antibody response |
| IgM | principal component of primary antibody response |
| immunocompetent | when cells have the ability to be primed against antigen |
| immunogenicity | capacity of an antigen to elicit an immune response |
| immunoglobulin | class of proteins that form antibodies |
| inflammation | Nonspecific defensive response of body to injury |
| integument | skin |
| interferon | antiviral protein made by body cells on exposure to viruses |
| interleukin | lymphokine made by white blood cells |
| killer T-lymphocytes | cells that attacks and destroys cells altered by antigen |
| lipopolysaccharide | endotoxin found in Gram negative bacterial cell walls |
| lymphocyte | leukocyte that functions in specific immunity |
| lymphopoietic cells | bone marrow cells that give rise to white blood cells |
| lymphokine | glycoprotein that increases the efficiency of immune system reactions |
| lysosome | site of intracellular digestion in eukaryotic cells |
| lysozyme | enzyme that digests peptidoglycan |
| macrophage | large phagocytic cell derived from monocytes |
| macrophage activating factor | lymphokine that attracts macrophages to site of infection |
| memory B-lymphocytes | cells that generate the long-term ability of the body to make antibodies to specific antigens |
| memory T-lymphocytes | T-lymphocyte clone enabling body to respond to specific antigen in subsequent infections |
| MHC molecules | antigen presenting molecules on body cells |
| migration inhibitor factor | lymphokine that prevents macrophages from leaving site of infection |
| mononuclear phagocytes | monocytes and macrophages |
| mucous membrane | glandular epithelium that secrete mucus |
| mucus | thick fluid made by goblet cells that traps heavy particles and microbes |
| natural killer cells | cytotoxic cells that kill virus-infected cells before immune system stimulated |
| neutralizing antibodies | immunoglobulins that prevent viruses from entering host cells |
| neutrophil | polymorphonuclear phagocyte |
| nonspecific resistance | mechanism of immunity not directed against particular pathogens |
| opsonin | proteins that enhance phagocytosis |
| opsonization | enhanced phagocytosis due to coating with antibodies or complement |
| perforin | protein that creates pores in cell membranes, enhancing cell lysis |
| phagocytes | cells that engulf other cells and large pieces of debris |
| phagocytosis | nonspecific, vesicle-mediated transport of materials across a membrane |
| plasma cells | antibody-secreting B-lymphocytes |
| precipitins | antibodies that bind dissolved antigen and form solids |
| properdin | key protein in alternative complement pathway |
| pus | mixture of plasma, dead tissue cells, leukocytes and bacteria in abcesses |
| racial immunity | disease resistance found only in specific racial groups |
| reactivity | ability of a molecule to interact with another chemical |
| regulator T-lymphocytes | helper and suppressor T-cells |
| resting cell | phagocytes that are immobile |
| reticuloendothelial system | monocyte-derived cells that leave circulation and are modified in tissues |
| rubor | redness associated with inflammation |
| somatic recombination | random mixing and matching of Ig genes to form unique antibodies |
| species immunity | resistance of one species to a pathogen of another species |
| specific resistance | protection against diseases caused by particular pathogens |
| stem cell | cell that gives rise to several different types of differentiated cells |
| surface receptor proteins | protein that allow mature lymphocytes to recognize specific antigens |
| thymosins | specific molecular signal between thymus and pituitary glands |
| T-lymphocyte | mediator of specific immunity |
| transfer factor | lymphokine that attracts other T-lymphocytes to site of infection |
| tumor | fluid accumulation associated with inflammation |
| variable region | part of immunoglobulin that differs between different antibodies |
| wandering cell | motile phagocyte |
