| A | B |
|---|
| pituitary gland | Also called the hypophysis; sits in the sella turcica of the skull |
| thyroid gland | butterfly shaped gland located anteriorly to the trachea and inferior to the larynx |
| parathyroid glands | tiny, yellow-brown glands which secrete PTH |
| adrenal glands | pyramid shaped glands located superior to the kidneys |
| pineal gland | gland that is located hanging from the roof of the third ventricle in the diencephalon |
| thymus gland | gland located in the thorax; it diminishes in size with age |
| ANP - atrial natriuretic peptide | reduces blood volume, blood pressure, and blood sodium concentration |
| erythropoietin | protein hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells |
| leptin | produced by adipose tissue; attaches to CNS neurons to give a sensation of satiety |
| thymopoietins & thymosins | essential for normal development of T lymphocytes and immune response |
| melatonin | responsible for making us sleepy |
| testosterone | responsible for testes maturation and secondary sex characteristics |
| insulin | lowers blood sugar levels |
| glucagon | initiates the release of glucose into the bloodstream |
| epinephrine | more potent stimulator of the heart and metabolic activities |
| norepinephrine | greater influence on peripheral vasoconstriction and blood pressure |
| androgens | male sex hormones |
| aldosterone | maintains sodium ion balance |
| PTH | protein hormone responsible for raising blood calcium levels |
| calcitonin | responsible for lowering blood calcium levels |
| TSH | stimulates the release of thyroid hormone |
| TH | made of two active iodine containing hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine |
| ADH | also called vasopressin; causes vasoconstriction of the visceral blood vessels |
| prolactin | production of milk |
| LH | triggers ovulation and stimulates progesterone and estrogen production in females; promotes testosterone production in males |
| oxytocin | stimulates uterine contractions and initiates milk ejection |
| FSH | stimulates gamete production |
| GH | stimulates most body cells to increase in size and divide |
| steroids | synthesized from cholesterol |
| amino acid based hormones | most hormones are this type |
