| A | B |
|---|
| diffusion | The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmosis | The diffusion of water across a cell membrane |
| passive transport | The diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membrane. |
| active transport | Movement of particles in the opposite direction of diffusion. |
| endocytosis | The process of bringing a larger particle into a cell |
| exocytosis | The process of removing particle from a cell. |
| photosynthesis | The process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it to sugar. |
| cellular respiration | The process of producing ATP from oxygen and glucose. |
| fermentation | The breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen. |
| cell cycle | The life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes it consists of chromosome duplication, mitosis and cytokinesis. |
| chromosome | A coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division. |
| binary fission | The simple cell division in which one cell slits into two; used by bacteria. |
| homologous chromosomes | Chromosomes with matching information. |
| centromere | The region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated. |
| chromatids | identical copies of a chromosome. |
| mitosis | nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes. |
| cytokinesis | The process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis. |
