| A | B |
|---|
| source amnesia | inability to distinguish an original experience from what you heard or were told about later |
| recall | ability to retrieve and reproduce memory previously encountered material |
| implicit memory | unconcious retention in memory shown by affects of a previous experience on current thoughts or actions |
| relearning method | method for measuring retention that compares the time required to re-learn material with the time used in the initial learning |
| cognitive schema | an integrated network of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations concerning a particualr topic |
| explicit memory | concious, intentional recollection of an event or item of information |
| recognition | the ability to identify previously encountered material |
| priming | a method for measuring implicit memory, in which a person acquires information and is later tested to see how it affects performance on another type of task |
| encoding | the conversion of information into a form that can be stored and retrieved from memory |
| parallel distributed processing | (PDP) a model in which knwoledge is represented as connections among thousands of interacting, processing units all operating in parallel |
| sensory memory | A memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory information |
| sensory registers | Subsystem of (#11) most models assume a separate register for each sensory modality |
| short-term memory | a limited capacity memory system used for brief periods; also used to retrieve long term memory for temporary use |
| chunk | a menaingful unit of information; could be composed of smaller units |
| long-term memory | memory system involved in the long term storage of information |
| procedural memories | memories for the performance of action or skills |
| declarative memories | memories of facts, rules, concepts and events; they include semantic and episodic memories |
| semantic memories | memories of general knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts, and propositions |
| episodic memories | memories of personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occured |
| serial-position effect | the tendancy for recall of the first and alst items on a list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list |
| maintenance rehearsal | rote repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory |
| elaborative rehearsal | association of new information with already stored knowledge and analysis of the new information to make it memorable |
| deep processing | in encoding information, the processing of meaning rather than simply the physical or sensory features of a stimulus |
| mnemonics | strategies or tricks for imporving memory, such as a verse or a formula |
| long-term potentiation | a long lasting increase in the strength of synaptic responsiveness, and biological mechanism of long term memory |
| consolidation | the process by which the long term memory becomes durable and stable |
| decay theory | the theory that information in memory eventually disappears if it is not accessed; applies more to short term than to long term memory |
| retroactive interference | forgetting which occurs when recently learned material interferes with the ability to remember similar material stored previously |
| proactive interference | forgetting that occurs when previously stored material interferes with the ability to remember similar, more recently learned material |
| motivated forgetting | forgetting that occurs because of a desire to eliminate awareness of apinful, embarassing or unpleasant experiences |
| cue-dependant forgetting | the inability to retrieve information stored in memory because of insufficient cues for recall |
| state-dependent memory | the tendancy to remember something when in the same physical or mental state as you were in the original experience |
| childhood (infantile) amnesia | the inability to remember events and experiences that occured during the first 2-3 years of life |
