| A | B |
|---|
| Community studies | studying complex societies |
| ethnographically | studying small communities as being represented by regional culture |
| participant obeservation | taking part of the events |
| geneologies | discovered and recored connections of kinship, decent and marriage, using symbols and diagrams |
| morphology | study of form, word construction |
| phonemics | study of sound contrast |
| hypodecent | automatically places children of a union or mating between members of different socioeconomic groups in the less priviledged groups |
| protolanguage | language ancestoral to several daughter languages |
| band | unit of social organization among foragers..fewer than 100 people |
| globalization | interdependence of nations in a world system linked economically and through mass media and modern transportation sysytema |
| cultural colonization | within a nation, domination by one ethnic group and its culture/ideology over others |
| fictive kinship | personal relationships modeled on kinshop, like godparents and godchildren |
| horticulture | nonindustiral system of plant culturation in which plost lie fallow for varying lengths of time |
| agriculture | nonindsutrial system of clant cultivation characterized by continuous and intensive use of land and labor |
| pastoralism | people that use foodproducing strategies of adaptation based on care of herds of domestic animals |
| economy | system of production distribution and consumption of resources |
| reciprocity | governs exchange between social equals; major exchange mode in band and tribal societies |
| ethnology | comparative study of society and culture, compares cultures in time and space |
| Culture | capacity and possession shared by people |
| culture | different and varied cultural traditons on specific societies |
| cultural learning | learingin based on the human capacity to think symbolically |
| surveys | studies society through sampling statistical analysis and impersonal data |
| biopsychological equality | all human populations have equal capacities for culture |
| independent invention | same culture triat or patterin in spearate cultures...result of comparable needs and circumstances |
| particularity | unique culture trait |
| Whorfian hypothesis | different language produce different ways of thinking |
| semantics | languages meaning |
| ethnosemantics | vocab. contrasts and classifications |
| linguistic relativity | all languages and dialects are equally effective as systems of communications |
| linguistic uniformitarianism | same forces produce large scale linguistic changes..still at work and can be observed in linguistic events |
| sociolinguistics | study of language performance |
| physical anthropology | human biological diverstity |
| social situational learning | learing from other members |
| phenotype | evident traits "manifest biology" |
| power | do what one wants |
| means of production | land, labor, technology and capital |
| mode of production | way of organizing production |
| market principle | profit oriented principle of exchange; values determined by supply and demand |
| redistribution | exchnage mode of chiefdoms, archaic states, and some managed economics |
| nationality | ethnic groups that want or had their own country...want it back |
