| A | B |
|---|
| Michelangelo | Renaissance artist - Sistine Chapel |
| Leonardo da Vinci | artist and inventor - Mona Lisa and Last Supper |
| Shakespeare | English Renaissance writer - Romeo and Juliet |
| Erasmus | Author - In Praise of Folly |
| Martin Luther | Started the Protestant Reformation with the 95 Theses |
| John Calvin | Predestination |
| Henry VIII | Kicked the Catholic Church out of England |
| Elizabeth I | Re-established England as a Protestant country after Mary |
| Cardinal Richelieu | France - Religious leader and advisor to Louis XIV |
| Gutenberg | First printed copy of the Bible |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | Establish a school for exploration |
| Christopher Columbus | His explorations led to an exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Circumnavigated the globe |
| Francis Drake | English explorer - anti-spanish privateer |
| Jacques Cartier | French explorer - St. Lawrence River |
| Copernicus | Heliocentric theory - sun centered universe |
| Kepler | planets travel in elliptical orbits |
| Galileo | improved telescope - proved Copernicus' theory |
| Newton | Theory of gravity |
| Harvey | Circulation of the blood |
| Louis XIV | The Sun King - "I am the state" |
| Frederick the Great | Prussian king - great military leader |
| Peter the Great | Russian czar who wanted to westernize Russia |
| Oliver Cromwell | Head of New Model Army - becomes "Lord Protector" |
| Charles I | English king - beheaded during English Civil War |
| Charles II | Invited by Parliament to become king after Cromwell dies |
| William and Mary | Became King and Queen during Glorious Revolution |
| Thomas Hobbes | people are bad and need to be controlled |
| John Locke | people are good and have natural rights - Life, Liberty, and Property |
| Montesquieu | Enlightenment thinker - seperation of powers |
| Rousseau | Enlightenment thinker - the social contract |
| Voltaire | Enlightenment thinker - freedom of speech |
| Thomas Jefferson | Wrote the Declaration of Independence |
| Louis XVI | French king who was beheaded during French Revolution |
| Napoleon | French emperor who tried to take over Europe |
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | Led an independence movement in Haiti |
| Simon Bolivar | led independence movements in South America |
| Bach | German composer - religious music |
| Mozart | Classical composer |
| Delacroix | French painter - Liberty Leading the People |
| Miguel de Cervantes | Spanish Author - Don Quixote |
| Count Cavour | Italian unification - Prime Minister for King Victor Emmanuel |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | Italian independence - Leader of the Red Shirts |
| Otto von Bismarck | Prussian Prime Minister - Iron and Blood |
| James Watt | Improved the Steam Engine |
| Eli Whitney | Cotton Gin |
| Henry Bessemer | Developed a process for making high quality steel quickly |
| Edward Jenner | Developed a vaccine for smallpox |
| Louis Pasteur | Pastuerization - Rabies Vaccine |
| Adam Smith | Proponent of Lassiez-Faire economics |
| Karl Marx | Co-wrote the Communist Manifesto with Engels |
| Friedrich Engels | Co-wrote the Communist Manifesto with Marx |
| Archduke Francis Ferdinand | His assassination led to the beginning of WWI |
| Woodrow Wilson | US President - The 14 Points |
| Kaiser Wilhelm II | German emperor during WWI |
| Czar Nicholas II | Russian czar during WWI - End of the Romanov Dynasty |
| Vladimir Lenin | Leader of the Bolsheviks in Russian Revolution |
| Joseph Stalin | Takes over USSR after Lenin dies - Great Purge |
| Adolf Hitler | Nazi leader of Germany |
| Benito Mussolini | Fascist leader of Italy during WWII |
| Hirohito | Japanese emperor during WWII |
| Hideki Tojo | Military leader of Japan in WWII |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | US President - Died during WWII |
| Harry Truman | US President at the end of WWII - decided to drop A-Bomb on Japan |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | Supreme Allied Commander during WWII |
| Douglas MacArthur | Allied Commander in the Pacific during WWII |
| George Marshall | US Sec of State - economic help to defeated nations after WWII |
| Winston Churchill | British Prime Minister for most of WWII |
| Pol Pot | Communist leader of Cambodia - killed many people |
| Chiang Kai-shek | Nationalist leader in China - fought against the communists |
| Mao Zedong | Led the communists on the Long March in China |
| Ho Chi Minh | Communist leader in Vietnam |
| Mohandas Gandhi | Led Indian independence movement - non-violence |
| Jomo Kenyatta | Led independence movement in Kenya |
| Jesus | Founder of the Christian religion |
| Muhammad | Founder of the religion of Islam |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Founder of Buddism |
