| A | B |
|---|
| monoprotic acids | acids that contain one ionizable hydrogen |
| triprotic acids | acids that contain three ionizable hydrogens |
| acid properties | tastes sour and will change the color of an acid-base indicator |
| base properties | tastes bitter and feels slippery |
| conjugate base | particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion |
| conjugate acid | particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion |
| hydronium ion (H3O+) | a water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion |
| Lewis acid | an electron-pair donor |
| Lewis base | an electron-pair acceptor |
| alkaline solutions | base solutions |
| pH | the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration |
| self-ionization | reaction in which two water molecules produce ions for water |
| neutral solution | aqueous solution in which [H+] and [OH-] are equal |
| ion-product constant | product of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentrations for water |
| acidic solution | solution in which [H+] is greater than [OH-] |
| basic solution | solution in which [H+] is less than [OH-] |
| strong acids | acids that ionize completely in aqueous solution |
| weak acids | acids that are only partially ionized in aqueous solution |
| strong bases | bases that dissociate completely into metal ions and hydroxide ions in aqueous solution |
| weak bases | bases that do not dissociate completely in aqueous solution |
| titration | a process for determining the concentration of a solution by adding a known amount of a standard solution |
| neutralization | reactions between acids and bases to produce a salt and water |
| equivalence point | when the number of moles of hydrogen ions equals the number of moles of hydroxide ions |
| standard solution | a solution of known concentration reactions |
| end point | point of neutralization |
| salt hydrolysis | the cations or anions of a dissociated salt remove hydrogen ions from or donate hydrogen ions to water |
| buffer | a solution in which the pH remains relatively constant when small amounts of acid or base are added |
| buffer capacity | the amount of acid or base that can be added to a buffer solution before a significant change in pH can occur |
| NH4Cl | the salt produced by the titration of ammonia with hydrochloric acid |
| Bronsted-Lowry acid | proton donor |
| Bronsted-Lowry base | proton acceptor |
| Arrhenius acid | substance that releases H+ ions when in aqueous solution |
| Arrhenius base | substance that releases OH- ions when in aqueous solution |
