| A | B |
| population density | average number or people living in a square mile |
| peninsula | body of land nearly surrounded by water |
| plateaus | large raised areas of mostly level land bordered on one or more sides by steep slopes or cliffs |
| tributaries | river or stream that flows intoa larger river |
| navigable | clear enough for ships to travel |
| rainshadow | dry sheltered area of a mountain |
| humid continental | long cold winers and hot summers |
| subarctic climate | short summers long cold winters |
| arctic climate | very cold |
| marine west coast climate | mild and rainy all year |
| mediterranean climate | dry summers, mild rainy winters |
| steppes | grasslands in Russia |
| tundra | cold dry treeless region that is covered with snow for most of the year |
| permafrost | laye of permanently frozen ground below the top layer of soil |
| loess | type of rich dust like soil |
| hydroelectric power | water generated power |
| fossil fuels | coal, oil, natural gas |