| A | B |
| John Deere | invented a steel-tipped plow that halved the labor to clear acres to till |
| Cyrus McCormick | invented a mechanical reaper that drew on and improved previous designs |
| American System | manufacture by interchangeable parts |
| transcendentalism | our ideas of God and freedom are inborn; knowledge resembles sight |
| Yeomen | subsistence farmers |
| Apologists for slavery | liked to argue that a “community of interests” bound masters and slaves together. The real community of interests was the one that slaves developed among themselves in order to survive. |
| Underground Railroad | an organized network of safe houses owned by white abolitionists who spirited blacks to freedom |