| A | B |
|---|
| Classical | relating to the ancient Greek and Roman world |
| polis | Greek term for "city-state" |
| democracy | government in which leaders rule with consent of the citizens |
| republic | strong national government headed by elected leaders |
| consul | elected chief official of the Roman Republic |
| emperor | absolute ruler of an empire |
| pope | head of the Roman Catholic Church |
| missionary | person who spreads religious views |
| common law | unwritten set of laws based on local customs |
| feudalism | political and social system in which a lord gave land to a noble to work, govern, and defend, in return for the noble's loyalty |
| vassal | noble in medieval society who swore loyalty to a lord in return for land |
| manor | feudal estate made up of a manor house or castle and land |
| serf | farm laborer who could be bought and sold along with the land |
| guild | medieval workers' organization |
| charter | written agreement guaranteeing privileges and freedoms |
| indulgences | pardons for sins, given or sold by the Catholic church |
| revolution | a great and often violent change |
| divine right of kings | belief that royalty ruled by the will of God |
