| A | B |
| cordillera | group of mountain ranges that run side by side |
| cash crop | crop grown to be sold, often for export |
| mestizo | person of mixed Native American and European ancestry |
| campesino | farmer in Columbia |
| navigable | when a body of water is wide and deep enough for ships to pass through |
| foothills | low hills at the base of a mountain range |
| empire | group of lands under one ruler |
| landlocked | land that does not have a sea or an ocean touching it |
| altiplano | large highland plateau |
| sodium nitrate | mineral used in making fertilizer |