| A | B |
|---|
| Industrial Revolution | a time of new technologies, new businesses, and new products |
| entrepreneurs | people who risked their money to start new businesses. |
| open-field farming | vilagers divided land into small strips, and everyone got one to farm. |
| crop rotation | system to keep soil fertile, or rich and healthy. |
| seed drill | invention which planted seeds in rows, also helped farmers grow more crops. |
| domestic system | villagers earned money by cleaning, weaving, or spinning wool or cotton in their own homes. |
| spinning jenny, water frame | new spinning and weaving machines which made producing textiles easier. |
| iron and steam | important elements of the Industrial Revolution. |
| Coal | cheaper and more efficient way to generate the heat needed for iron production. |
| Steam-owered engines | became the main source of power in several other industries, such as textiles and iron production. |
| cotton gin | invented in 1793 - seperated seeds from cotton more quickly and efficiently than picking them out by hand. |
| urbanization | growth of cities. |
| liberalism | political philosophy in which believers believed in individual freedom and a government in which the people chose their representatives. |
| Utilitarianism | believed that the government laws should only follow policies that would profide the most benefit to the most people in society. |
| Socialism. | believed that the interests of society were more important than the interests of individuals. |
| strikes | protests in which they refused to work-to force business owners to raise wages and improve working conditions. |
| locomotive | steam-powered engine that pulled a train of cars. |
| dynamo | electric gnerator developed in 1831 |
| internal comustion engine | invented in 1876, burned gasoline inside the engine. |
| corporations | large organizations that sell shares of stock to investors. |
| financiers | investors |
| monopoly | situation in which the large companies had complete control of the market |
| trusts | combination of similar businesses under the direction of a single group |
| seperate spheres | different roles and duties for men and women. |
| natural selection | some lifeforms were better than others at living in a particular environment. |
| social darwinism | belief that ceretain individuals, nations, and races were better than others. |
| proletariat | working class |
| communism | workers ban together to take over businesses and the government |
| romanticism | movement in which artists and writers focused on nature, emotions, and feelings. |
| realism | writers and artists focused on recording the daily lives of ordianry people. |
| impressionism | worked outdoors and created paintings that were alive with color and action. |
