| A | B |
|---|
| simple carbohydrate | simple sugars used by the cell for energy |
| complex carbohydrate | large chains of simple carbohydrates, used for energy and structure |
| lipid | a molecule consisting of fatty acids, used for structure and to store energy |
| protein | one type of molecule consiting of chains of amino acids. They control the chemical activity of the cell and support growth and repair. |
| nucleic acid | a type of molecule made up of nucleotides, that is part of the genetic material of a cell and is needed to make proteins; DNA and RNA |
| glucose | a sugar that is the main energy source for cells |
| photosynthesis | the use of light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen |
| chlorophyll | a light absorbing pigment that traps the energy in sunlight and converts it to chemical energy |
| cellular respiration | a process in which cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugars |
| fermentation | a chemical process by which cells release energy from sugar when no oxygen is present |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane |
| passive transport | the movement of molecules through the cell membrane without the use of energy |
| active transport | the use of energy by a cell to move materials through the cell membrane |
| carrier molecule | parts of the cell membrane that act like doors to allow large molecules to enter or exit the cell |
| DNA | the genetic material found in all cells that contains the information needed to grow, maintain itself, and reproduce (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) |
| chromosome | A structure formed when the DNA in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell condenses before the cell divides |
| cell cycle | the normal sequence of growth, maitainance, and division in a cell |
| interphase | the period in the cell cycle in which the cell grows, maintains itself, and prepares for division |
| mitosis | the phase of the cell cycle in which the parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells |
