| A | B |
|---|
| photosynthesis | converts radiant solar energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of organic compounds, usually carbohydrates. |
| Respiration | the release of chemical energy for cellular use. |
| autotrophs | organisms that use the sun's energy to build organic molecules from inorganic substances. |
| heterotrophs | animals and other organisms that fed on autotrophs. |
| biochemical pathway | a complex series of chemical reactions that perform specific funtions, and occur at different sites. |
| ATP | the storage molecule for energy. |
| ADP | formed from an energy producing reaction |
| phosphorylation | the movement of a free phosphate group to a new molecule |
| ATP Synthetase | the enzyme that catalyzes ADP Phosphorylation. |
| Thylakoids | the membranous sites of light absorption. |
| grana | stacks of thylakoids. |
| light-dependent reactions | convert light energy to chemical energy. |
| photosystem | a unit of several hundred chlorophyll molecules and carrier molecules. |
| Electron Transport Chain | the passage of electrons from a high energy level to a lower energy level by electron carriers. |
| Chemiosmosis | the diffusion of chemicals through a membrane, resulting in ATP formation. |
| Light -independent reactions | the reactions that form organic compounds by using energy stored during the light-dependent reactions in the bonds of NADPH and ATP. |
| C4 Pathway | a carbon fixing process in which carbon dioxide is bound to a compound to form a four-carbon intermediate. |
| carbon-fixation | the process which forms organic compounds from inorganic compounds through carbon-carbon bonding. |
| CAM | a process by which a plant takes in carbon dioxide during the night, stores it in organic acids, then releases the carbon dioxide during the day to be used in the Calvin Cycle. |
| Glycolysis | the process by which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid. |
| Anaerobic respiration | respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen. |
| fermentation | the process of breaking down pyruvic acid without the use of oxygen. |
| lactic acid fermentation | the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid. |
| alcoholic fermentation | used to convert pyruvic acid to ethyl alcohol. |
| aerobic respiration | glycolysis followed by the breakdown of pyruvic acid using oxygen as a reactant. |
| Kreb's Cycle | a biochemical pathway that releases carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions and results in the formation of ATP. |
