| A | B |
|---|
| What advancements in technology allowed for increased agricultural surpluses? | better tools and irrigation systems |
| What civilization became famous for trading practices on waterways? | Phoenicians- they traded purple dye |
| Specialization of labor | with agricultural surpluses people could engage in tasks other than farming |
| Polytheism | belief in many gods |
| Monotheism | belief in one god- first practiced by Hebrews |
| Founder of Judaism | Abraham- formed a covenant with God |
| Moses | Led Jews from Egytian enslavement; given 10 commandments |
| Jerusalem | religious home and political center for Jews |
| What are some major Jewish beliefs? | monotheism; Torah-written book; 10 commandments |
| Diaspora | dispersal of Jews |
| pictograms | earliest written symbols; pictures represent ideas |
| hieroglyphics | form of writing in Egyptian civilization |
| cuneiform | form of writing in Sumer |
| alaphabet | form of writing and language used by the Phoenicians |
| What were the key characteristics of the Persian rule and government? | tolerance of conquered people;imperial bureaucracy;road system;Zoroastrianism |
| Why is India considered a subcontinent?(which made invasion difficult) | isolated geographically by the Himalayas, Hindu Kush, and Indian Ocean |
| Zoroastrianism | official religion of Persia;polytheistic;Ahura Mazda,Ahriman fight for control of people's souls |
| Who eventually invaded India? | Aryans through the Khyber Pass |
| caste system | rigid social class structure |
| What is the major religion of India? | Hinduism |
| reincarnation | cycles of rebirth |
| karma | future reincarnation based on present behavior |
| What are the sacred writings of Hinduism? | Vedas; Upanishads |
| Who founded Buddhism? | Siddhartha Gautama |
| Asoka | ruler who sent Buddhist missionaries throughout Asia and helped its spread to China |
| What are the 4 Noble Truths? | all life is suffering;suffering is caused by desires;end suffering by ending desires;follow the Eightfold Path |
| Eightfold Path | the way to nirvana |
| Classical China was centered around what river? | Huang He (Yellow River) |
| Key beliefs of Confucianism | humans are good, not bad;respect elders;code of politeness;emphasis on education; ancester worship |
| Key beliefs of Taoism | humility;simple life , innerpeace;harmony with nature |
| Great Wall | built by Qin Shi Huangdi to keep out northern invaders |
| Mandate of Heaven | used by Chinese rulers to justify thier rule |
| Silk Roads | facilitated trade with China and other cultures as far away as Rome |
| Contributions of classical China | civil service system;paper;porcelain;silk |
| Yin/Yang | symbol used to represent opposites in Confucianism and Taoism |
