| A | B |
|---|
| What is the geographical importance of Greece | Aegean Sea, Mediterrean Sea for trade, peninsula |
| What region existed to the north of Greece? | Macedonia |
| Why did Greece lack agricultural output? | 20% arable land due to mountains |
| How did mountainous terrain on Greek peninsula afect growth and unity | small, isolated city states developed |
| Why did the Greeks trade and colonize? | helped them deal with overpopulation and a lack of arable land |
| mythology | Greeks polytheistic religious beliefs |
| What did Greek mythology explain? | natural phenomena; human qualities; life events |
| Zeus | sky god |
| Hera | marriage and childbirth god |
| Apollo | phrophecy,healing, music god |
| Artemis | god of the hunt |
| Athena | wisdom god |
| Aphrodite | love god |
| What city-state developed the most democratic system of govt in history? | Athens |
| Who were considered citizens in Ancient Greece? | freeborn males |
| Who had no political rights in Ancient Greece? | women,slaves, foreigners |
| What forms of govt did Athens evolve through? | monarchy to aristocracy to tyranny to democracy |
| Draco | democratic reformer, established a written law code, attempted to appease peasants |
| Solon | reformer who made Athens more democratic, outlawed debt slavery, trade overseas, citizen rights |
| What form of govt did Sparta have? | oligarchy- rule by a few |
| Qualties and values of Spartan society? | militarism and aggression |
| Persian Wars | wars fought by Greeks from 499-449BC that united Athens and Sparta |
| Battle of Marathon | Athens v. Persia, Athens victory in 1st Persian War; Phedippides runs 26.2 |
| Battle of Salamis | naval battle won by Athens in 2nd Persian War |
| Peloponnesian War | Sparta v. Athens |
| Delian League | Athens led alliance |
| Peloponnesian League | Spartan led alliance, they win the Peloponnesian war |
| Pericles | led Athens during Golden Age; extended democracy; built Parthenon |
| Parthenon | built by Pericles as a temple to goddess Athena on top of Acropolis |
| Aeschylus | Greek dramatist, wrote Oresteia |
| Sophocles | Greek dramatist, wrote Oedipus Rex |
| Euripides | Greek dramatist; Medea |
| What poet spoke of the Trojan Wars? What epic poems did he write? | Homer- Iliad and Odyssey |
| Who were Herodotus and Thucydides? | worte about and advanced the study of history |
| Who was Phidias? | Greek artist who sculpted Athena at the Parthenon |
| Describe the three types of Greek columns | doric-plain; ionic-scrolled tops; cornthian- ornate tops, leaves |
| Who was Archimedes? | scientist;value of pi;catapult, levers and pullies |
| Who were the big three philospohers? | Socartes, Plato (the Republic), Aristotle (basis of scientific method) |
| Who were Euclid and Pythagoras? | Mathematicians |
| Who was responsible for conquering Greece? | Phillip II of Macedonia |
