| A | B |
|---|
| Sporophyte | during this generation fertilization begins which is followed by Mitosis growth and development of plant. |
| Gametophyte | during this generation meiosis occurs creating the development of gametes. |
| Prokaryotic | one-celled organism that lacks a nucleus |
| Eukaryotic | multi-celled organism that contains a nucleus |
| Vascular Nonseed Plants | an example of this division of the plant kingdom are the ferns |
| Non-vascular plants | plants that contain no vascular tissue is known by this division |
| Cell Wall | this organelle protects and supports the rest of the cell |
| Nucleus | this organelle is the control center for the rest of the cell |
| Ribosome | the function of this organelle is to make proteins |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | the function of this organelle is helps assemble and transport the proteins to the golgi apparatus |
| Golgi Apparatus | this organelle packages and sends the proteins outside the cell |
| Chloroplasts | this organelle captures the light energy and stores it for later use in photosynthesis |
| Lysosomes | this organelle digests old cell parts and food particles |
| Vacuole | this organelle is a sac used for storage of food and water for the cell |
| Roots | this plant organ helps the plant absorbe, anchor, and transport materials throughout the whole plant |
| Stems | A plant organ that provides support for growth |
| Leaves | A plant organ that grows from the stem; they are the plants “food factory” |
| Xylem | this plant tissue transports water and dissolved substances other than sugar throughout the plant. |
| Phloem | this plant tissue transports dissolved sugar throughout the plant |
| Cambium | this plant tissue produces xylem and phloem as the plant grows |
| Seed | plant organ that contains an embryo, along with a food supply, and is covered by a protective coat. |
| Tissue | is a group of cells that function together to perform an activity |
| Epidermis | this tissue composed of flattened cells that cover all parts of the plant |
| Vascular Tissue | tissue that is made up of tube-like, elongated cells through which water, food, and other materials are transported |
| Fronds | Leaves of a fern |
| Stomata | Gases can also move in and out of a leaf through this organelle |
| Taproot | single, thick structures with smaller branching roots |
| Fibrous Root | systems have many, small branching roots that grow from a central point |
| Root Cap | The tip of each root is covered by a protective layer |
| Woody Stems | hard and rigid plant organs that have cork and vascular cambriums |
| Translocation | The movement of sugars in the phloem |
| Transpiration | The loss of water through the stomata |
| Whorled Arrangement | arrangement of 3 or more flowers rotating around a central point |
| Hormone | a chemical that is produced in one part of an organism and transported to another part, where it causes a physiological change |
| Cuticle | Most fruits, leaves, and stems are covered with a protective, waxy layer |
| Nastic Movement | A responsive movement of a plant that is not dependent on the direction of the stimulus |
| cell wall | outer boundary of plant cell/provides support |
| cell membrane | outer boundary of animal and protist cells |
| cytoplasm | thick liquid that holds cell organelles |
| mitochondria | found in all cells/combines food and oxygen to produce energy |
| chloroplasts | structures in plant cells that contain chlorophyll |
| nucleus | control center of the cell |
| chromosomes | stuctures in the nuceus that are made of DNA |
| metabolism | all of the activities of the cell |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules through a membrane |
| respiration | the energy producing process carried on in the mitochondria |
| photosynthesis | the food making process that requires chlorophyll |
| tissue | similar cells that perform the same job |
| organ | similar tissues that perform the same job |
| system | organs that work together |
| selectively permeable | the cell membrane will allow certain materials to enter/leave the cell but does not allow all materials to do so |
| vacuole | organelle that can hold waste or water |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | built one of the first microscopes |
| Robert Hooke | gave cells their name after examining cork with a microscope |
| Theodor Schwann | said all animals are made of cells |
| Matthias Schleiden | said all plants are made of cells |
| Disease | The inability of the body to adapt and return to homeostasis |
| Lichen | symbiotic association between a fungus, usually an ascomycote and a photosynthetic green algae |
| Communicable disease | The invasion of the body by a microorganism which is capable of spreading to other people. |
| Host cell | In order to survive a virus needs a |
| Bacillus | Rod-shaped bacteria |
| Spirochete | Spiral-shaped bacteria |
| Coccus | Spherical-shaped bacteria |
| AIDS | When a person’s blood count is less than 200, this person has? |
| STAPHYLOCOCCAL | This bacteria loves high salt and sugary foods? |
| Botulism | This illness is rare, but found in can food items |
| E-coli | This food-borne illness is also known as traveler’s diarrhea |
| Salmonella | This illness is passed through raw or uncooked eggs. |
| Noncommunicable disease | Examples of this are heart disease, skin cancer, stroke |
| protozoa | Animal-like protists are also called |
| Slime molds | This is a type of fungus-like protest |
| Algae | Plant-like protists are also called |
| Thallus | No root system, stems or leaves |
| phytoplankton | one of the major producers of nutrients and oxygen in aquatic ecosystems in the world |
| Euglenoids | unicellular, aquatic protists that have both plant and animal characteristics. |
| Diatoms | Each of these protists have their own unique shape |
| Dinoflagellates | These protists live symbiotically with jellyfishes, mollusks, and corals |
| dinoflagellates | The toxins from these protists cause humans to become ill, it is also known as the red tide |
| Brown algae | These protists have air bladders that keep their bodies floating |
| Water mold | This protist is fuzzy with white growths that live on decaying matter |
| pseudopodia | Moving and feeding by sending out cytoplasm-containing extensions of their plasma membranes |
| Ciliates | use the cilia that cover their bodies to move |
| Sporozoan | members of this genus, are organisms that cause the disease malaria |
| anopheles | this mosquito causes malaria |
| Hyphae | threadlike filaments that help fungus absorb nutrients |
| chitin | The cell wall of fungus |
| Zygomycotes | Phylum for common bread mold |
| zygospores | thick-walled spores that can withstand unfavorable conditions |
| ascomycotes | largest phylum of fungi |
| ascomycotes | phylum for morels and truffles |
| ascomycotes | phylum for yeast |
| Basidiomycotes | phylum for mushrooms |
| gills | location of spores on a mushroom |
| deuteromycotes | penicillin was derived from this phylum |
| deuteromycotes | soy sauce and bleu cheese is part of this phylum |
| Homeostasis | Steady and constant state in the internal environment of the body |
| Amino Acid | Small molecules that are linked together chemically to form a protein |
| Punnett Square | Chart showing all the possible outcomes for offspring |
| Chromosome | Condensed DNA that carries genetic information |
| Allele | Different forms of a gene |
| Clone | An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
| Codominance | A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive |
| Codon | Three nitrogen bases that make up an amino acid |
| Dominant Allele | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
| Gametes | Haploid cells (23 chromosomes); sperm or egg |
| Gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. |
| Gene Therapy | The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder |
| Genetic Disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes. |
| Genetic Engineering | The transfer of a gene from DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits. |
| Genetics | Study of heredity |
| Genotype | An organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combination |
| Heredity | The passing of traits form parents to offspring |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a trait |
| Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a trait |
| Hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; heterozygous alleles |
| Hybridization | A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed |
| Karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs |
| Meiosis | The process of division in sex cells |
| Mutation | A change in a gene or chromosome |
| Pedigree | A chart or “family tree” that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait. |
| Phenotype | An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits |
| Purebred | An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent. |
| Recessive Allele | An allele that is masked when dominant allele is present |
| Sex-linked Genes | A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome |
| Trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on its offspring through its genes. |
| Carrier | A person who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele, but does not have the trait |
