| A | B |
|---|
| What was the Renaissance? | rebirth of the classical Greek and Roman learning |
| Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? | location- peninsula in Mediterranean Sea |
| Why did the Renaissance spread to Northern Europe? | wars and books |
| Who was Michelangelo? | painter- Sistine Chapel, sculpted- David |
| Who were the Medici? | patrons of the arts, powerful family in Florence |
| Who was Leonardo da Vinci? | true Renaissance Man; painted(Last Supper, Mona Lisa), sculpted, scientist |
| Who was Shakespeare? | English playwright |
| What is humanism? | writing that expresses rationality and philosophy |
| Who was Erasmus? | wrote Praise of Folly, critical and satirical |
| Describe the major trade routes that linked Europe with Asia and Africa | Silk Road, Trans-Sahara routes (Africa), sea routes called maritime |
| What was the Silk Road? | trade route connecting Europe and China |
| What important trade items were offered by the Chinese? | paper, compass, silk, porcelain |
| Who invented the printing press and why is it important? | Gutenberg, spread learning as books become more readily available |
| What conflicts challenged the authority of the Church in Rome? | Thirty Years War- Catholics v. Protestants |
| Why was Martin Luther so significant to the Reformation? | views- salvation by fath alone, no indulgences, 95 theses |
| Who was John Calvin? | believed in predestination, Calvinism=Presbyterian |
| Who was Henry VIII? | his divorce caused split w/ pope and beginning of Anglican Church (Church of England) |
| Describe the Reformation in Germany | Northen princes converted to Protestanism, while Hapsburgs and South stay Catholic |
| Who were the Hapsburgs? | Royal family in Austria (German states) and Spain |
| What was the Thirty Years War? | war between Catholics and Protestants which also tested Hapsburg power |
| How did the Anglican Church come into existence? | Henry VIII divorce |
| Who were the Huguenots? | French Protestants |
| What was the Edict of Nantes? | granted French Protestants (Huguenots) religious freedom |
| Who was Cardinal Richelieu? | changed focus of Thirty Years War from religious to political, est. absolute monarchy in France |
| What was the Counter Reformation? | Catholic reforms to reassert Catholic Church authority; Inquisition used |
| Who were the Jesuits? | Society of Jesus founded to spread Catholicism (universities and seminaries established) |
| What was the Inquisition? | established to reinforce Catholic doctrine, became violent and abusive especially in Spain |
