| A | B |
|---|
| What factors contributed to the European discovery of land in the Western Hemisphere? | demand for gold, spices, competition between nations, innovations in travel, compass, astrolabe |
| Who was Prince Henry the Navigator? | Prince of Portugal, father of the Age of Discovery |
| Who was Vasco da Gama? | first person who sailed around Africa to India |
| Who was Christopher Columbus? | one of the first to reach America, controversial figure |
| Who was Hernando Cortez? | conquered Aztecs |
| Who was Francisco Pizarro? | conquered Incas |
| Who was Ferdinand Magellan? | his crew was the first to sail around the world (circumnavigate the globe) |
| Who was Sir Francis Drake? | English explorer of West Coast |
| Who was Jacques Cartier? | French explorer |
| How did Christianity spread to the New World? | missionaries, influnce of Europeans |
| What led to the demise of the Aztecs, incas, and Mayas? | disease |
| Describe the rigid class system in Latin America | peninsulares (white, born in Europe) creoles (white, born in America) mestizo (mixed) |
| What is a colony? | far away land, controlled by a more powerful country |
| What was the Middle Passage? | trip of slaves from Africa to America |
| Why did Europeans turn to Africa for slaves? | Natives had been wiped out by disease |
| What was the Columbian Exchange? | America sends corn, potatoes, tobacco; Europe sends horses, cattle, guns disease; Africa sends slaves |
| Where was the Ottoman Empire located? | modern day Turkey (Middle East) Asia Minor |
| What is the importance of the Ottoman Empire? | Islam unifies them; trade coffee and ceramics, Capital is Istanbul/Constantinople |
| Where was the Mughal Empire located? | North India |
| What is the importance of the Mughal Empire? | spread Islam into India, Taj Mahal, textile industry, British involvement |
| Describe the rigid class system in Japan (shogunate) | (Top to bottom) Emperor- shogun- daiymo/samauri- farmers- merchants |
| Why did the Japanese and Chinese stay relatively isolated from Europe? | isolated by sea and Himalaya Mountains; imperial policies that were anti-foreigners |
| What is mercantilism? | economic system, colonies exist to benefit mother country, export more than you import to build gold supply |
| What is the Commercial Revolution? | European Nations compete for overseas markets, colonies, resources, banking, mercantilism |
| Who is Nicolaus Copernicus? | heliocentric theory; sun is center of the universe |
| Who was Johannes Kepler? | discovered planetary motion |
| Who was Galileo Galilei? | used telescope to support heliocentric theory; conflicted with the church |
| Who was Isaac Newton? | discovered laws of gravity |
| WHo was William Harvey? | discovered circulation of blood |
| What was the scientific revolution? | emphasis on reason, systematic observation, scientific method develops |
