| A | B |
|---|
| GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION | leads to strengthening of traditional culture |
| GREECE | diverse geography, development enhanced by excellent harbors for use in trade |
| INCA TERRACE FARMING/ AZTEC FLOATING GARDENS | show the ability of civilizations to adapt to their regions geography |
| EUPHRATES/ INDUS/ NILE | rivers that provide the means for irrigation and transportation |
| SAHARA DESERT | reason North Africa culture was different from other areas of Africa (isolation) |
| CONFUSIANISM | harmony can be achieved by the proper behavior of each member of a family or society; maintain social and political order; individuals know and do what is expected of them |
| SHINTO/ ANIMISM | everything in NATURE has a spirit and should be respected |
| HINDUISM | believe in Brahma (creator), darma and moksha (perfect understanding) |
| BUDDHISM | Siddhartha Guatama; salvation is earned by giving up selfish desire; overcome desire by following the Eightfold Path |
| JUDAISM/ CHRISTIANITY/ ISLAM | monotheistic religions that believe in ethical conduct |
| VEDAS/ BIBLE/ KORAN | religious writings that provide guidelines to govern behavior of believers |
| CULTURAL DIFFUSION | the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another, usually through trade; ex. religion spreads to a different area- Alexander the Great's conquests spread Hellenistic culture |
| CHIVALRY/ BUSHIDO | guides to behavior of a warrior class |
| HAMMURABI'S CODE/ THE TEN COMMANDMENTS/ THE TWELVE TABLES | established rules of behavior for all people |
| FILIAL PIETY | family honor; respect for parents and elders |
| CASTE SYSTEM | determined person's job and marriage partner; way of life and an element of religion |
| HUMANISM | appreciation of the basic worth of INDIVIDUAL achievements with emphasis on classical Roman and Greek writings |
| GOLDEN AGE | times of prosperity that lead to creations and discoveries in the arts and sciences; ex. Tang Dynasty of China, Mali Empire of Africa, Gupta Empire of India |
| NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION | change from nomad hunting/ gathering to settled farming |
| GUTTENBERG'S PRINTING PRESS | made printing books faster, easier and cheaper, more people have access to books and literacy increases |
| ROME | made many contributions in the area of law where even women enjoyed some legal rights |
| WHEN A STRONG EMPIRE FALLS | period of disorder & weak central government |
| BYZANTINE EMPIRE | preserved Greek & Roman culture; Constantinople was the capital because its location made it the crossroads of Europe & Asia; spread the Orthodox Christain religion to Early Russia |
| NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI | wrote "The Prince" which said leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve their goals |
| CRUSADES | war fought for the Holy Land; furthered cultural diffusion throughout western Europe by trade between them and the Middle East |
| MIDDLE AGES | medieval times characterized by a decentralized political system; manor system where lords own land & serfs work it; people influenced by Roman Catholic Church |
| PROTESTANT REFORMATION | marked an end of religious unity in Europe and the decline of the catholic church; people upset over sale of indulgences and other scandels (Martin Luther- 95 Thesis) |
| MONGOLS | China- developed a tribute system, traded along the Silk Road and established a huge empire |
| WEST AFRICA | became prosperous with the trading of gold & salt |
