| A | B |
|---|
| Electromagnetic wave | a form of energy that can travel through space (p.42) |
| Radiation | the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves (p.42) |
| Infrared radiation | a form of energy with wavelengths that are longer than visible light (p.43) |
| Ultraviolet radiation | a form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light (p.43) |
| Scattering | reflection of light in all directions (p.44) |
| Greenhouse effect | “the process by which heat is trapped in the atmosphere by water vapor |
| Thermal energy | the energy of motion in the molecules of a substance (p.49) |
| Temperature | the average amount of energy of motion in the molecules of a substance (p.49) |
| Thermometer | “an instrument used to measure temperature |
| Heat | the energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one (p.49) |
| Conduction | the direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching (p.50) |
| Convection | the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid (p.50) |
| Wind | the horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure (p.52) |
| Anemometer | an instrument used to measure wind speed (p.53) |
| Wind-chill factor | increased cooling caused by the wind (p.53) |
| Local winds | winds that blow over short distances (p.54) |
| Sea breeze | the flow of air from an ocean or lake to the land (p.56) |
| Land breeze | the flow of air from land to a body of water (p.56) |
| Monsoon | sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the seasons (p.56) |
| Global winds | winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances (p.57) |
| Coriolis effect | “the way Earth’s rotation makes winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere |
| Latitude | “the distance from the equator |
| Jet streams | bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth’s surface (p.60) |
| Evaporation | the process by which water molecules in liquid water escape into the air as water vapor (p.61) |
| Humidity | a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air (p.62) |
| Relative humidity | the percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at that temperature (p.62) |
| Psychrometer | “an instrument used to measure relative humidity |
| Condensation | the process by which molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid water (p.63) |
| Dew point | the temperature at which condensation begins (p.63) |
| Cumulus | clouds that form less than 2 kilometers above the ground and look like fully |
| Stratus | clouds that form in flat layers (p.64) |
| Cirrus | “wispy |
| Precipitation | any form of water that falls form clouds and reaches Earth’s surface (p.67) |
| Rain guage | an instrument used to measure the amount of precipitation consisting of an open-ended can topped by a collecting funnel and having a collecting tube and measuring scale inside (p.69) |
| Drought | long periods of low precipitation (p.70) |
