| A | B |
|---|
| joint stock company | a business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit |
| charter | a written contract issued by a government giving the holder the right to establish a colony |
| Jamestown | first permanent English settlement |
| John Smith | leader of Jamestown |
| indentured servant | a person who sold his or her labor in exchange for passage to America |
| House of Burgesses | created in 1619, the first representative assembly in the American colonies |
| Bacon's Rebellion | a revolt against powerful colonial authority in Jamestown by a group of landless frontier settlers that resulted in the burning of Jamestown in 1676 |
| financed | paid for; raised funds for |
| tyranny | a government in which a single ruler has absolute power |
| Pilgrims | members of a group that rejected the Church of England, sailed to America, and founded the Plymouth Colony in 1620 |
| Mayflower Compact | an agreement established by the men who sailed to America on the Mayflower which called for laws for the good of the colony and set forth the idea of self-government |
| Puritans | members of a group from England that settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 and sought to reform the practices of the Church of England |
| Great Migration | the movement of Puritans from England to establish settlements around the world, including about 20,000 who sailed for America |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | set of laws that were established in 1639 by a Puritan congregation who had settled in the Connecticut Valley and that expanded the idea of representative government |
| Roger Williams | founder of the first Baptist Church in America, opposed taking Native Americans land by force and mandatory church attendance |
| Anne Hutchinson | was forced to leave Massachusetts for beliefs that a person could worship God without the help of a bible, minister, or church, fled to Rhode Island |
| King Philip's War | a war between the Puritan colonies and Native Americans |
| godliness | piety, reverance |
| scapegoat | one who is made to bear the blame of others |
| covenant | promise in a binding agreement |
| body politic | the people of a politically organized group |
| sovereign | supreme |
| Peter Stuyvesant | govenor of the Dutch colony of New Netherland which is present-day New York |
| patroon | a person who brought 50 settlers to New Netherland and in return received a large land grant and other special privileges |
| Duke of York | became King James II, was brother of King Charles II |
| proprietary colony | a colony with a single owner |
| William Penn | famous Quaker Englishmen who owned a lot of land; present day state named after his lands |
| royal colony | a colony ruled by governors appointed by the king |
| James Oglethorpe | founder of Georgia |
| Carolina | Latin form of Charles, named in honor of King Charles II |
| John White | part of original expedition to Roanoke, when he returned he found no trace of the original settlers |
| Roanoke | island off of North Carolina where the first expedition of English were brought |
| John Rolfe | developed a high quality tobacco that the colonists of Jamestown learned to grow |
| Powhatan | Native American tribe that originally helped the settlers at Jamestown |
| Pocahontas | a member of the Powhatan tribe, saved John White's life twice, married John Rolfe, died of smallpox |
| Squanto | a member of the Pawtuxet Tribe, was captured and enslaved and taken to England, when returned to the colonies showed Pilgrims how to grow food, hunt and fish |
| congregation | a group of people who belong to the same church |
| Quakers | people who believed all people should live in peace and harmony; known for acceptance of different religions and ethnic groups |
| Salem Witchcraft Trials | the results of the younger generation of Puritans not adhering to the strict religious views of their parents; society then created scapegoats for its problems |
| conjoin | unite |
| requisite | required |
| Middle Colonies | NY, NJ, PA, and DE |
| log cabin | Swedish colonists built the first one in Delaware |
| Southern Colonies | Maryland, Carolinas, Georgia |
