| A | B |
|---|
| Bile | physically breakes apart large fat globules |
| Salivary amylase / ptyalin (enzyme) | begins carbohydrate digestion |
| Intrinsic factor | required for absorption of vitamin B12 from the small intestine into the bloodstream |
| Pepsinogen / pepsin | begins chemical digestion of proteins |
| Sphincter | ring of muscle fibers that regulate movement of miterials from one compartment of the GI tract to another |
| Saliva | fluid containing water, mucus, organic salts, and digestive enzymes |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Ingestion | The process of orally taking materials into the body. |
| Enzyme | A catalyst that accelerates chemical reactions. |
| Absorbtion | A process by which the products of digestion move into the bloodstream. |
| Defacation | The process of eliminating indigestable materials from the body. |
| Tunics | The four layers of the Alimentary canal. |
| Layers of the Tunics (inner to outer) | Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. |
| Alimentary canal (GI Tract) | The generally coiled, muscular passageway leading from the mouth to the anus. |
| Peristalsis | Muscular, wavelike contractions of the digestive system. |
| Bolus | A ball like, masticated lump of food once it is swallowed. |
| Peritoneum | The largest serous membrane in the body that envelopes the entire abdominal wall. |
| Oral cavity | The port of entry for the ingestion of food and drink into the body into the body. |
| Deglutition | Swallowing |
| Gustatory organs | The taste buds. |
| Cardioesophageal sphincter | located at the junction of the stomacha and the Esophagus. |
| Pyloric Sphinctor | Located between the stomach and the small intestine. |
| Rugae | The longitudinal folds in the lining of the stomach. |
| Chyme | A bolus of food reduced to a thin viscous fluid. |
| G cells | The endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa that secrete the hormone gastrin. |
| Parietal Cells | The exocrine cells that produce intrinsic factor |
| Chief cells | The exocrine cells that produce the enzyme pepsinogen, which is a precursor to pepsin. |
| Ileocecal Sphincter | The circular muscle that connects the ileum of the small intestine to the cecum of the large intestine. |
| Villi | Fingerlike projections of the small intestine that house blood and lymph capillaries. |
| Lacteals | Lymph capilaries that are contained in the villi that assist in the absorption of fat. |
| Duodenum | The first section of the small intestines. |
| Sphincter of Oddi | Regulates the flow of secretions of the pancreas, liver and gall bladder |
| Jejunum | The intermediate portion of the small intestine |
| Ileum | The final division of the small intestine. |
| Mesentaries | A large, fan shaped structure consisting of two omentums; it is part of the peritoneum |
| Greater Omentum | Often described as the fatty apron; this doubler layered structure connects to the greater curvature of the stomach and duodenum, drapes down over the coils of the small intestine, and then attach to the ascending colon. |
| Lesser Omentum | A fatty membraneous extension of the peritoneum that attaches from the right side of the stomach, the first section of the duodenum to the liver. |
| Brunner's glands | Also called duodenal glands; they secrete alkaline mucus. |
| Taenia coli | Located in the muscularis tunic of the large intestine these thick, longitudinal bands resemble a thread gathering fabric. |
| Haustra | series of pouches in the large intestine |
| Cecum | The first section of the large intestine/colon |
| Veriform appendix | This lymph gland is suspended from and opens into the inferior portion of the cecum. |
