A | B |
Cranio-Sacral outflow | Parasympathetic Nervous System |
Thoraco-Lumbar outflow | Sympathetic Nervous System |
Ganglion | Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS |
Nuclei | Collection of nerve cell bodies within the CNS |
Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers | cholinergic fibers |
Pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers | cholinergic fibers |
Post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers | cholinergic fibers |
Post-ganglionic sympathetic nervefibers | adrenergic fibers (mostly) |
sweat secretion | stimulated by sympathetic CHOLINERGIC fibers |
SA node | predominantly controlled by Vagus n.(cholinergic) |
peripheral vascular smooth muscle | contracted by sympathetic (adrenergic) fibers |
bronchial smooth muscles | constrict upon parasympathetic (cholinergic) stimulation |
bronchial smooth muscles | dilate upon sympathetic (adrenergic) stimulation |
atropine | competitive blocker at mAChR |
curarine | competitive blocker at nAChR |
mACh receptors | found at cholinergic synapses of smooth muscles |
mACh receptors | found at cholinergic synapses of exocrine glands |
mAChR | stimulation will increase (exocrine) glandular secretions |
mAChR | blockade will decrease (exocrine) glandular secretions |
nACh receptors | found at neuro-muscular junction (NMJ) |
Meuro-muscularJunction (NMJ) | a cholinergic synapse |
nAChR | found in the end-plate region of skeletal muscles |
nAChR stimulation | will increase skeletal muscle tone |
overstimulation of nAChR | can cause 'muscle spasms' |
nicotine | stimulates AChR at NMJ and in autonomic ganglia |
muscarine | stimulates mAChR in smooth muscles and exocrine glands |
alpha-adrenergic receptors | predominate in the peripheral vascular smooth muscle |
alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation | will cause vasoconstriction and increase BP |
beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation | will cause vasodilation in peripheral vasculature |
beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation | will result in positive ino-tropic effect on myocardium |
alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation | in SA node will cause positive chrono-tropic effect on heart |
beta-adrenergic receptor blockers | will decrease myocardial force of contraction and reduce cardiac output |
alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers | will prevent sympathetic vasoconstriction and reduce BP |
beta-adnergic receptor stimulation | will cause broncho-constriction |
ACh Esterase (AChE) | foundin ALL cholinergic synapses |
AChE | hydrolyzes the ester bond in acetylcholine |
AChE inhibition | will increase synaptic transmission at ALL cholinergic synapses |
AChE inhibitors | will cause salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation |
sphincter muscles of iris | constricted by parasympathetic stimulation |
radial muscles of iris | contracted by sympathetic stimulation |