| A | B |
|---|
| retribution | the distribution of rewards for correct behavior and punishment for transgressions, or incorrect behavior |
| rewards | sanctions at the positive end of a continuum of retribution |
| punishment | a sanction near the negative end of a continuum of retribution |
| nickname | made-up name for somebody usually based on a conspicuous characteristic of the person involved |
| name-calling | a form of verbal abuse that takes the form of calling someone abusive, disgraceful, or shameful names |
| teasing | making fun of somebody, either playfully or maliciously |
| nonreward | punitive, but it is a milder sanction than punishment because it does not deprive individuals of something they already have |
| source | origination of a sanction |
| inner sanctions | rely on an inner sense of what is right and wrong to govern their actions |
| external sanctions | members of society attempt to enforce norms for others |
| formality | the degree to which behavior is governed by rules or established methods |
| formal sanction | one that is verbally authenticated, either through written or oral means |
| informal sanction | enables people to informally control some of their own as well as others' behavior regarding dress |
| obtrusiveness | degree to which a sanction is obvious |
| unobtrusive | sanction that is inconspicuous or implicit |
| obtrusive | sanction that is conspicuous, blatant, or explicit |
| magnitude | the total of the consequences that can be measured as the result of sanctions. |
| extreme magnitude | a sanction with consequences that affect all aspects of life |
| moderate magnitude | consequences that have a limited impact on a person's life |
| severity | the degree of strictness, harshness, intensity, or cruelty of a sanction. |
| mild sanction | a trivial, weak or minor reward or punishment |
| severe sanction | a strict, harsh, intense, cruel, or stern sanction |
| pervasiveness | how wide-spread sanctions are in terms of the number of sanctions, how long the sanctions last, and how many people are involved in administering the sanctions |
| restricted pervasiveness | limited temporary sanctions applied by only a few people |
| pack rat | hoarder |
| frugality | thriftiness |
| extensive pervasiveness | multiple sanctions from more than one source operating against a person over an extended period of time |
