| A | B |
|---|
| Hermann Ebbinghaus | Developed word associations |
| George Miller | Developed the idea of "chunking" |
| Sensory Memory | Maintains perceptual information |
| Sensory memory for vision | Iconic |
| Sensory memory for sound | Echoic |
| Short-term memory capacity | Magic number 7 |
| Types of rehearsal | Maintenance and Elaborative |
| Decay Theory | Forgetting occurs because time passes |
| Interference Theory | Forgetting occurs because other memories interfere with retrieval |
| Reconstruction Theory | Changes in the structure of a memory make it inaccurate when it is retrieved |
| Repression Theory | Memories that are upsetting or threatening may be forgotten |
| The phonological loop | Working memory |
| Explicit Memory | Memory previously stored that can be expressed verbally |
| information that we cannot express verbally | Implicit Memory |
| Procedural Memory | Remembering how to do something, but not the circumstances that surrounded it |
| Episodic Memory | Memories of events that we have experienced personally |
| Serial Position Effect | Items at the end of a list were still "in" short-term memory. |
| Mental imagery | Visualizing the encoded information |
| Semantic networks | Knowledge organized by association |
| Schema | frameworks representing our knowledge and assumptions about specific aspects |
| Scripts | memory representations used to process & retrieve familiar and routine events |
| Frames | Theory is that the mind is composed of "pockets" of information relating to a thing or an event |
| Neural Networks | in which networks are made up of connections between the nodes |
| Mental Models | Mental models are representations of reality that people use to understand specific phenomena |
| Recall | A method of retrieval in which an individual is required to reproduce the information previously presented |
| Recognition | A method of retrieval in which an individual is required to identify present stimuli as having been experienced before |
| Paired associates paradigm | Subjects were asked to recall as many of the target words as possible |
| Multi-store model of memory | Atkinson and Schiffrin |
| Levels of processing model | Craik & Lockhart |
| Flashbulb Memory | Vivid memories of what we were doing at the time of an emotion-packed event |
| Image perception | How others "see" you |
| Gestalt Theory | "the whole is the sum of its parts" |
| figure-ground perception | an image that can be "perceived" in two different ways |
| attention | the ability to focus and "drown out" everything else |
| cocktail-party phenomenon | selective listening |
| Anne Treisman | attenuation model |
