| A | B |
|---|
| ADM | Average Daily Membership |
| ADA | Average Daily Attendance |
| Of ADA or ADM, which would be better to fund schools? | ADM |
| Of ADA or ADM, which is more commonly used to determine the per pupil allocation | ADA |
| freedom of information act | law that states that school budgets are available to anyone in the public, but only where public money is provided; student activity funds are toexempt |
| Vertical equity in funding | differences exist & some children need more services than others |
| Horizontal equity in funding | alike students should be treated alike; all students receive equal share of an object |
| Adequacy | funding designed to meet minimum educational standards |
| Equity | Financial equality per-pupil; equality $ for $ |
| Categorical budget | from cat grants w/specific purposes and strict appl., use, & reporting requirements (ie Title 1) |
| Fiscal neutrality | expenditures pp should not be related to local property wealth |
| GTB (& foundation programs) | provide aid in inverse proportion to their propery wealth per pupil |
| Flat grant program | school finance mech. that provide = amt of per-pupil revenue to each school district based ONLY on number of students; low level has deleterious impact on fiscal equity, very high FG produces equalized system |
| Progressive tax | burden increases with income |
| Regressive tax | lower income peeps pay a higher percentage of their incomes in taxes |
| Proportional tax | impose the same tax burden regardless of level of income |
| Weighted pupil program | weight assigned to students who need extra services (SC funds for poverty, SpEd, & grade level) |
| 14th amendment (San Antonio) | equal protection clause |
| Abbyville vs South Carolina (the impact) | ruling: education must be provided, but it doesn't have to adequate |
| Index of taxpaying ability | variable in EFA formula that adjusts the local match to fund base student cost |
| Budget triangle | program (priorities) at base; revenue & expenditures balancing out two sides |
| Line item budgeting | individual lines describe allocations for various objects of expenditure |
| Program budgeting | long-range planning based on detailed analysis of program costs and benefits before selecting them |
| Zero-based budgeting | all programs start at 0 EACH year, must be ranked, and are funded by rank |
| site based budgeting | learning community works collaboratively to match budget to vision & plan |
| Accounting codes | series of state-mandated #s to ensure that eh $ is accounted for correctly |
| EFA South Carolina budgets | Education Finance Act |
| EIA South Carolina budgets | Education Improvement Act |
| GOSA mapping | Goals, Objective, Strategy, Action - structure & detail for planning process |
| TAN | Tax Anticipation Note |
| fiscal federalism approach | state can equalize the fiscal capacity of local districts |
| unrestricted or block grants | increase district's revenue but place nor restrictions |
| foundation programs | "fiscal foundation" provided that was sufficient to provide a minimum standard education; funded by state & local using a formula that took local taxes & property value into consideration |
| Title 1 | assistance for districts to provide additional services to children from low-income backgrounds |
| maintenance of effort | provision that requires proof that spending of own funds does not decrease with grant funding |
| fiscal capacity equalizing pattern | poorest districts rec more state aid than wealthier on a per-pupil basis |
| flat grant formula | SAPP = FG |
| SAPP | state aid per pupil |
| total state aid formula for flat grants | TSA = SAPP x # of pupils |
| GTB formula | SAPP = DTR x (GTB - PVPP) |
| GTB formula: ____ = DTR x (GTB - PVPP) | SAPP (state aid per pupil) |
| GTB formula: SAPP = ____ x (GTB - PVPP) | DTR (local district property tax rate) |
| GTB formula: SAPP = DTR x (GTB - ____) | PVPP (local district property value per pupil) |
| How GTB works | > PVPP, < the (GTB-PVPP), and thus the < the amount of STATE pp-aid. |
| CERRA | Center for Educator Recruitment, Retention, and Advancement (What? where? pros? cons?) |
| Serrano v. Priest (1968) | (CA) Ed is fundamental right, pwpp is a suspect class, school finance system is unconstit. |
| Rodriguez v. San Antonio (1972) | TX state court found funding unconstitutional; TX appealed to USSC, 5-4 decision, education is NOT a FED fundamental right |
| vertical equity in tax | tax structures for people in different economic situations |
| horizontal equity in tax | equal tax treatment of individuals in the same or equal circumstance |
| IDEA (1975) | Individual with Disabilities Education Act - legal right for free public education |
| Budget Document | reflects the priorities, philosopy, management style, and decisions of a school's or district's leadership; supporting, not controlling document |
| EFA | equalization tool; pwp formula of base student cost @ 70% |
| EIA | from sales-tax; per pupil for particular programs |
