| A | B |
|---|
| indigenous | describes people who are descendants of the people who first lived in a region |
| missionary | a person who tries to convert others to his or her religion |
| indentured servant | a person who, in exchange for benefits received, must work for a period of years to gain freedom |
| plantation | a large, usually one-crop farm with many workers living on it; common in the Southern United States before the Civil War |
| boycott | a refusal to buy or use goods and services |
| Revolutionary War | the war in which the American colonies won their independence from Britain, fought from 1775 to 1781 |
| Louisiana Purchase | the sale of land in 1803 by France to the United States; all the land between the Mississippi River and the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains |
| Manifest Destiny | a belief that the United States had a right to own all the land from the Atlantic ocean to the Pacific Ocean |
| immigrant | a person who moves to a new country in order to settle there |
| Industrial Revolution | the change from making foods by hand to making them by machine |
| abolitionist | a person who believed that enslaving people was wrong and who wanted to end the practice |
| Civil War | the war between the northern and southern states in the United States, which bega in 1861 and ended in 1865 |
| Reconstruction | United States plan for rebuilding the nation after the Civil War, included a period when the South was governed by the United States Army |
| segregate | to set apart and force to use separate schools, housing, parks, and so on because of race or religion |
| labor force | the supply of workers |
| settlement house | a community center for poor immigrants to the United States |
| Homestead Act | a law passes in 1862 giving 160 acres of land onthe Midwestern plains to any adult willing to live on and farm it for five years |
| communism | a theory of government in which property such as farms and factories is owned by the government for the benefit of all citizens; a political system in which the central government controls all aspects of citizens' lives |
| Cold War | a period of great tension between the United States and the former Soviet Union, which lasted for more than 40 years after World War II |
| civil rights movement | a large group of people who worked together in the United States beginning in the 1960s to end the segregation of African Americans and support equal rights for all minorities |
| dominion | a self-governing area subject to Great Britain, for example, Canada prior to 1939 |
| bilingual | speaking two languages; having two official languages |
| fossil Fuel | any one of several nonrenewable resources such as coal, oil, or natural gas, created from the remains of plants and animals |
| acid rain | rain whose high levels of chemicals can pollute or damage the environment; usually caused by pollutants from the burning of fossil fuels |
| clear-cutting | a type of logging in which all the trees in an area are cut down |
| interdependent | dependent upon each other |
| tariff | a fee charged on imported goods |
| free trade | trade with no tariffs, or taxes on imported goods |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement, signed in 1994 by Canada, the United States, and Mexico to establish mutual free trade |
