| A | B |
|---|
| Achaeans | Another name for the Greeks |
| Achilles | Greek hero of Homer’s Iliad |
| Actium | Site of Battle of Actium in 31BC in which Augustus defeated Antony and Cleopatra |
| Aeneadae | Another name for Trojans |
| Ajax | Greek hero in Trojan war who raped Cassandra |
| Alba Longa | Town near Rome |
| Anchises | Aeneas’ aged father |
| Andromache | Hector’s wife |
| Anthropomorphic | Taking on human form of character |
| Ascanius | Aeneas’ son |
| Ausonia | Another name for Italy |
| Bacchus | God of wine and vegetation |
| Buthrotum | West coast of Greece, mini version of Troy |
| Carthage | Dido’s Phoenician kingdom in northern Africa |
| Cassandra | Daughter of Priam |
| Cerberus | Three-headed dog of the underworld |
| Charybdis | Sea monster who creates whirlpool that sucks in ships in the strait between Italy and Sicily |
| Cloanthus | One of the Trojans and captain of a boat |
| Cumae | City on west coast of Italy where Aeneas meets the Sibyl |
| Cupid | God of love and son of Venus |
| Delos | island in the Aegean Sea, sacred to Apollo. Aeneas visits Delos in Book III. |
| Dido | Queen of Carthage fell in love with Aeneas and committed suicide when he left. |
| Diomedes | one of the Greek heroes at Troy. Later a king in Italy whom Turnus asks for help. |
| Elissa | another name for Dido. |
| Entellus | old Sicilian boxer who defeats Dares. |
| Epicurus | Greek philosophy. In his teaching he denied the existence of Fate and the gods. |
| Etna | a volcanic mountain in Sicily. |
| furor | the destructive power of uncontrolled anger and passion. |
| Hades | name of the underworld. |
| Hesperia | another name for Italy. |
| Ida | mountain near Troy. |
| Ilium | another name for Troy. |
| Italy | The destined land of the Trojans. |
| Laomedon | one of the founder of Troy. |
| Latium | plain of west and central Italy where Aeneas fights to build his city. |
| Lavinium | city built by Aeneas. |
| Marcellus | son-in-law of Augustus, who died very young. Mentioned in Book VI in parade oh great Romans. |
| Moira | one’s destiny or hate. Moira was the goddess of fate who gave everyone their allotted portion of good or evil in life |
| Nautes | old Trojan sailor who gives Aeneas good advice in Book V |
| Nymphs | minor deities. |
| Olympus | mountain in northern Greece where the gods supposedly lived. |
| Pallanteum | Evander’s city in Italy and the site of Rome. |
| Pergama | another name for Troy. |
| pietas | a strong sense of duty to ones family, fellow citizens, and the gods. |
| Polyphemus | one of the Cyclops who was blinded by Ulysses and who tried to attack the Trojans. |
| Pythagoras | Greek philosopher. He taught about cosmic harmony based on numbers as the relations of things, that the soul is an immortal thing and is transformed into other living things, so that whatever comes into existence is born again in the revolutions of a certain cycle. |
| Drepanum | Place in Sicily where Trojans land and have funeral games to honour Anchises. |
| Elysian Fields | the place in the underworld where good souls stay. |
| Epicureanism | Greek philosophy. Its aim was to teach personal happiness, calm and tranquillity through the knowledge of science and the rejection of religion. |
| Erebus | another name for the underworld. |
| Etruscans | also called Tuscans. |
| Golden Bough | mythical symbol of immortality. |
| Hector | Trojan hero and son of King Priam. |
| Iarbas | King of Mauretania,and one of Dido’s rejected suitors. |
| Ila | daughter of Numitor, King of Alba. |
| Iris | messenger of Juno. |
| Ithaca | island off west coast of Greece and home of Ulysses. |
| Latins | natives of Latium in Italy. |
| Laurentum | capital of Latiuni. |
| Lethe | one of the rivers of the underworld. |
| Menelaus | Helen’s husband and leader of Sparta. One of the Greek warriors at Troy. |
| Muses | nine goddesses of poetry |
| nemesis | retribution, divine anger or resentment. |
| Odysseus | Greek name for Ulysses. |
| Orpheus | a poet and musician who visited the underworld to try to resurrect his wife. |
| Paris | Trojan prince whose affair with Helen causes the Trojan War. |
| Phoenicians | an ancient people from the Mediterranean, who settled Carthage. |
| Plato | Greek philosopher. Pupil of Socrates. Wrote on a wide range of topics such is government, education, religion. |
| Pygmalion | King of Tyre and Dido’s brother who murdered her husband, Sychaeus, for his money |
| Remus | twin brother of Romulus |
| Romulus | founder and first king of Rome. Son of Mars and descendant of Aeneas. |
| Saturn | old Italian god. |
| Sicily | large island south of Italy |
| Sinon | Greek spy who convinces the Trojans to bring the Trojan Horse inside the walls of Troy. |
| Strophades | islands off the west coast of Greece where the Greeks were attacked by harpies. |
| Sychacus | husband of Dido, who was murdered by her husband |
| Tenedos | an island off the coast of Troy where the Greeks hid before the attack |
| Tiber | river that runs through Rome |
| tragic flaw | the hero’s negative characteristics. |
| Troy | Iliuim, Dardania, Pergama. Capital city of Troy |
| Ulysses | Greek hero who fought in the Trojan War and who is the subject of the Odyssey. It took him ten years to get home. |
| Virtue | the Greek cardinal virtues were Courage, Temperance, Justice and Wisdom. |
| Rome | city on the Tiber River. |
| Rutulians | tribe in Latium led by Turnus. |
| Scylla | a monster who devouted sailors in the strait between Italy and Sicily. |
| Sidon | city of Phoenicia. |
| Stoicism | Greek philosophy. Founded by Zeno in Athens. In religion, it taught that the entire world is a single, cosmic interconnected machine. |
| Styx | one of the rivers of the underworld |
| Tartarus | the part of the underworld where wicked shades were punished |
| Thrace | a region north of Troy. |
| tragic elements | fear and pity. |
| Trojans | the followers of Aeneas. |
| Tyre | Phoenician city. |
| Vulcan | Venus’ husband and blacksmith of the gods. |
